2007 Pearson Education

The logical relationship between the start and finish of one activity and the start and finish of another activity.
Four logical relationships between tasks 1. Finish to Start 2. Finish to Finish 3. Start to Start 4. Start to Finish

Most common type of sequencing Shown on the line joining the modes
Added during forward pass Subtracted during backward pass

0 A 6 Spec Design 6

6 B 11 Design Check 5

Lag 4

15 C 22 Blueprinting 7

Two activities share a similar completion point

The mechanical inspection cannot happen until

wiring, plumbing, and HVAC installation are complete

15

D 21 Wiring 6

10 A 16 Plumbing 6

16

B 21 HVAC 5

21 C 22 Inspection 1

30

D 36 Wiring 6 Lag 3 33 B 36 HVAC 5 36 C 37 Inspection 1

31 A 33 Plumbing 6

Least common type of lag

30 D 36 Wiring 6

relationship Successors finish dependent on predecessors start

Lag 3

28
22 A 28 Plumbing 6

B 33 HVAC 5

33 C 34 Inspection 1

Establish a time-phased network Can be used as a tracking tool

Benefits of Gantt charts 1. Easy to create and comprehend 2. Identify the schedule baseline network 3. Allow for updating and control 4. Identify resource needs

Create a Gantt chart based on the activities listed in the table.

Exercise:-

Task Time Pred Task Time Pred Z 8 -U 3 W

Y
X

5
8

Z
Z

T
S

6
7

V
U,T

W
V

4
5

Y,X
W

Accelerating a project by committing more resources than initially planned Principal methods for crashing Improving existing resources

productivity

Changing work methods Increasing the quantity of resources

Determine activity fixed and variable costs

The crash point is the fully expedited activity Optimize time-cost tradeoffs Shorten activities on the critical path Cease crashing when
the target completion time is reached the crash cost exceeds the penalty cost

What is the lowest additional cost to complete this project in 53 weeks? Times are in weeks and costs in dollars.
Activity Pred Normal Time Min Time Normal Cost Crash Cost

A B C D E F G H

-A A B, C D D E, F G

14 5 10 8 6 9 7 15

9 2 8 5 5 6 4 11

500 1000 2000 1000 1600 1500 600 1600

1500 1600 2900 2500 1900 3000 1800 3600

Activities represented by arrows

Widely used in construction Event nodes easy to flag Forward and backward pass logic similar to AON Two activities may not begin and end at common nodes Dummy activities may be required

Use AOA to sketch the network that represents the project as described in the table. 2. Calculate early and late start and finish times for all activities.
1.

Activity A B C D E

Time 4 2 10 3 15

Pred -A A B,C B

Activity F G H K

Time 4 15 7 11

Pred D C E,F,G G

Networks can be too complex

Poor network construction creates problems Networks may be used inappropriately When employing subcontractors
The master network must be available to them

All sub-networks must use common methods

Positive bias exists in PERT networks