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External Guide: Mr. K. Kanagasundaram M/s. Juniper Networks India (P) Ltd., Bangalore
adhoc networks for delay sensitive applications like voice or video. QoS has number of parameters like bandwidth, jitter, delay etc. The Adhoc On Demand distance Vector (AODV) protocol intended for route selection in mobile adhoc networks is considered for improving QoS.
EXISTING VS PROPOSED
In the existing AODV protocol, the route has been selected by
considering only the minimum hop count. The delay has not been considered in any of the field in the routing table entry structure. Fig.1 Routing Table Entry
..
NEXT HOP
TIME OUT
the extension to the message for route selection in the routing table entry. The proposed protocol will be AODV-D(delaybased). The routing table fields will be as follows.
DEST. ADDR
TIME OUT
DELAY CALCULATION
Packet arrival
STA senses channel idle and waits a countdown back off time
STA senses channel idle for DIFS and waits a countdown back off time.
Attempt
STA sends RTS and receives CTS successfully
Packet Arrival
Idle
STA senses channel busy in DIFS and goes back off again.
Back off
STA did not receive CTS within a slot time after issuing RTS.
Transmit
send and received by the intermediate nodes in order to avoid hidden and exposed terminal problem.
HIDDEN AND EXPOSED TERMINAL PROBLEM. The delay will be calculated as follows:
Back off time is nothing but the random amount of time where
medium is still idle the node can access the medium immediately.
ROUTE DISCOVERY
Step 1: If (source node S has data packets to send ) Then initiate a RREQ with Acc_Delay= 0 and Max_Delay= d where d is an upper bound to delay. Also each node along the path calculates its own delay. Step 2: diff= Max_Delay field value Acc_Delay field value
Step 3:
If ( diff > FORWARDING_DELAY) { a. Then Update Acc_Delay field of RREQ as Acc_Delay=(Acc_Delay+ FOR_DELAY); b. Record Acc_Delay of RREQ in Acc_Delay field of routing table c. broadcast the RREQ } Else Drop RREQ packet Step 4: If destination receives RREQ message and if it satisfies the QoS delay parameter Then buffer it.
Step 5: If
destination receives RERR message with a RREPFAIL flag, Then select a fresh route, next better route, from buffer and unicast RREP to source
Step 6: If
source does not receive RREP in RREP_WAIT_TIME from destination Then restart route discovery with new session Id.
Step 7: If
S receives a fresh RREP with same session Id Then
ROUTE MAINTENANCE
Step 1: if
a node receives link break, then perform local route repair.
Step 2: if
local repair successful, then
CONCLUSION
In order to investigate the performance of the protocols,
we will use the following performance metrics: Packet Delivery Ratio: It is the ratio between the packets received at the destination and the packet generated by the source.
It is defined as the percentage of control packets with respect to the received data packets. Each hop of any control packets is computed as a new control packet. End to end delay: It is the delay in transmitting data packets through wireless links plus the delay in the network interface queue due to the network congestion. The performance of AODV D will be compared with AODV using NS-2.
Future work
In this paper, only QoS metric considered is end-to-
end delay for a QoS flow, as finding a route subject to multiple metrics . It can be extended to bandwidth and other resource reservation schemes.
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