NANOTECHNOLOGY

PRESENTED BY:
AJAS KM
THRISSUR
 CONTENTS

 INTRODUCTION
 PRINCIPLE
 APPLICATION AREAS
 NANOTECHNOLOGY AND
ENVIRONMENT
 WHEN NANOTECHNOLOGY
WILL START AFFECTING OUR
LIVES
 ADVANTAGES
 DISADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION
 INT RO DUCT ION
Im agin e chip s embed de d in the hum an
bo dy repo rting ever y bod y movemen t and
just waiting to strike at those na sty
ba cter ial invad ers, clothin g sma rt eno ug h to
mon it or our he alth and save us fro m
en vir onme ntal ha zards ,huge buil ding and
machin e having the capa bility to repa ir and
ad just themselves to the vaga ries of
en vir onme nt or a re gul ar wri st wa tch
do ubl ing up as super compute r. Th anks to
the nano tec hno log y all of these wond er s
 PRINCIPLE
Nanotechnology involves working with matter at the
scale of one billionth of a matter. It refers to the
manipulation of matter on the minutest scale i.e.
atoms and molecules.
At the nano scale ,the physical, chemical and biological properties
of materials differ in fundamental and valuable ways from the
properties of individual atoms and molecules of bulk matter.
Properties of an electron inside matter and atomic interaction are
influenced by material variation on the nanometer scale. It is even
possible to control fundamental properties of materials like their
melting temperature, magnetic properties, charge capacity, and
even their colors, without changing the materials chemical
composition.
 APPLICATIONS OF
NANOTECHNOLOGY
 MEDICAL AREA

SUPERCOMPUTING
MEMS
SMART CLOTHING
 MEDICAL AREA
 Nano surgical tools can help in making up the
damages at molecular and cellular level.

 Nanotechnology may also be useful for

developing ways to detect and eradicate
cancer cells.

 Nanorobots could also be programmed to

perform delicate surgeries or remove
obstructions in the circulatory system.
NANO ROBOT IN BLOOD
STREAM
NANOROBOT PERFORMING
CELL SURGERY
“GLOBBLEBOT:ARTIFICIAL
WHITE BLOOD CELL”
ARTIFICIAL WHITE
BLOOD CELLS
DRILLERS, PEEPERS, STRINGERS ENGAGE IN A
DELICATE SURGICAL OPERATION TO
REMOVE A CANCER TUMOUR
 NANO ROBOT OR NANOBOT
NANO ROBOTS ARE NANO MACHINES
EMBEDDED IN OUR BODY PERFORMING
THEIR DUTIES AS DISCIPLINED SOLDIERS .

BEFORE BEING SENT INTO THE BODY ON

THEIR SEARCH ON DESTROY MISSION,
THEY HAVE TO BE PROGRAMMED WITH A
SET OF CHARACTERSTICS THAT LET THEM
CLEARLY DISTINGUISH THEIR TARGETS
FROM EVERY THING ELSE .
SENSOR AND CPU
SUBSYSTEM OF A NANOBOT
 SUPERCOMPUTERS
Assemblers will enable the
construction of both molecular
electronic and molecular mechanical
devices. It is to be expected that
electronic effects will permit faster
switching times than do mechanical
effects, permitting the construction
of faster and much powerful
 NANO TUBE S ARE
TI NY TUBE S O F CA RBO N
ABO UT 1 0,0 00 TI ME S
THI NNER
THA N HUM AN HAI R.

 TH ESE CO NSI ST OF
RO LLED UP SHEET S OF
MULT I LAY ER CA RBO N
AT OMS I N HEX AG ON
SHAP E.

THEY CO NDUCT
EL ECTRI CI TY BET TER
THA N CO PP ER A ND ARE
MORE ST RO NG ER THAN
ST EEL W IRE .
MUL TI- WAL LED CARBO N
NANO TUBE
MICRO ELECTRO-MECHANICAL
SYSTEM (MEMS)
Mi cro-E lec tro-Me chani cal Sys tems (ME MS ) is the
int egrati on of mec hanic al elem ents , sensors ,
ac tuat ors , and elec troni cs on a commo n si li co n
subs trat e through mic ro fabric ati on tech nology .
Whil e the el ect ronic s ar e fabric ated us ing
int egrated circ uit (I C) pr oces s sequenc es (e.g. ,
CMO S, Bipol ar , or BICM OS proc es ses ), th e
mi crom ec hanical component s are fabric at ed us ing
compat ibl e "mi crom achi ning" proc ess es that
selec tiv ely et ch away parts of the sili con wafer or
add new struc tural lay er s to for m the mec hanic al
and elec trom echani cal d evices.
NANOMECHANICAL GEAR
ASSEMBLY
LOW FRICTION
NANO GEARS
A JE T E NG INE IN A
MIC ROT URBIN E

A MICROPUMP
SMART
CLOTHING
 Shirt made of Titanium

SOFT SWITCH
 NANOTECHNOLOGY AND
ENVIRONMENT
Advances in nano science will lead to new means of:
 Reducing the production of wastes
Remediation of industrial contamination.
 Providing potable water
Improving the efficiency of energy production and use.
On the other hand, the introduction of large
quantities of nano structured materials into our society
may have unforeseen consequences for environmental
quality.
 Advantages of Nanotechnology

• Nano-structuring is expected to bring about

lighter, stronger and programmable materials.
• It is not impossible to have devices that can
convert house hold waste into fresh food, diamond
rings or antique works of art.
• In medical field we will have microscopic robots
floating in our blood streams fighting against
cancer cells, AIDS HIV virus, genetic disorders or
even ageing.
• We can create pollution free environment by
having automatic clean up systems of existing
pollutants.

• Many extinct plants and animals can be studied

and even reintroduced.

• Some of the novel inventions like airplanes, space

crafts and other transport made from lightweight
material are possible with nano techniques.

• Computers billions of times faster and with

massive memory but with miniscale storage devices
Disad vant ag es of Nan ot ec hn ol ogy
 Nanotech particles will penetrate living cells and
accumulate in animal organs, and can
perhaps enter the food chain.
 There is no regulatory body dedicated to check
this potent and powerful invasion
 Their impact on environment is unknown.e.g.
Nanotubes of carbon use gallium & arsenic and
minute traces of gallium arsenide in the body could
prove toxic.
Changes in the proteins due to the presence
of nano particles in the blood stream could
trigger dangerous effects like blood clotting
 A whole new class of toxins or the
environmental problems may be created due
to nanotechnology.
 Reaction of humans and existing
environment to these nanoparticles and
nanobots and their acceptance is not known.
Nanotechnol ogy
wi th al l its
chal lenges and
opportuni ti es wi ll
become a part of
our future.
The res earcher s
are opti mi sti c for
the products bas ed
upon thi s
technol ogy.
Nanotechnol ogy is
slow ly but steadi ly
usheri ng in the