National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Strategically Leveraging
Early Commercial
Services for Lunar Vision

NewSpace 2009
Robert M. Kelso
Manager, Lunar Commercial Services
www.nasa.gov
July 2009
 Utilization of the Moon for NASA’s Vision

•ON the Moon

•Exploration and technology development/demonstration to reduce
risk/cost avoidance for systems supporting the Altair lander and LSS
•FROM the Moon
•Observations from the moon toward earth for earth/climate
“whole-disc” assessments
•Observations from the moon away from earth for far-side astronomy
oRadio astronomy
oAstrophysics
oHeliophysics
•ABOUT the Moon
•Support scientific research leading to increased understanding
about the Moon
oIts process, evolution, chronological dating
Tied to NRC report

Saturday, September 12, 2009 2

 SURVEYOR – Goals and Objectives
 Goal – achieve soft landings on the
Moon by automated spacecraft capable
of transmitting engineering and
scientific measurements from the lunar
surface.
 Objectives:
– Develop technology for soft-landing on
Moon
– Survey Apollo landing sites
– Provide data for the Apollo lunar lander
design with conditions encountered on the
Moon
– Add to scientific knowledge of the Moon.
Why Early Robotic Exploration?
 Strategic knowledge
– Important information on lunar environment and
materials
– Scientific and operational reconnaissance
– Obtain information on unknown or poorly
understood processes and history (e.g., polar
deposits)
– Reconnoiter areas and sites to make subsequent
human exploration more productive
 Sustain the Vision for Space
Exploration
– Decade between LRO and first human landings
– Sustain program with cadence of visible
milestones
 Emplacement of assets
– Pre-landed machines can prepare site, emplace
equipment for later human use
Leveraging early commercial services for Lunar
• Commercial payload deliver and lunar data supporting
architecture
•beginning as early as 2011
2. Commercial lunar comm and nav as early as 2015
3. Commercially-provided capability for landing site
prep
oSite surveys
oGrading/berms
4. Commercial lunar commodities:
oLunar oxygen for life support,

water production, propellant

- MINER
oPower/energy

Saturday, September 12, 2009 5

 Fundamental Change for NASA

Apollo Model
From NASA as the
customer funding prime
contractors on a cost plus
fixed fee basis
Increased
Private Sector
Resources

Commercial –
(COTS/CRS) Model
To NASA as a customer and partner,
working with other customers, financiers,
and emerging space companies on fixed
price basis to secure capabilities, services
and products
Business Model comparison: NASA-Traditional
versus NewSpace/Commercial Leveraged
Category Apollo Era Commercial-
Owner NASA leveraged
Industry Era
Contract fee-type Cost+ Fixed Price
Contract arrangement Prime Contractor Partnership/IDIQ
NASA as customer “THE” customer “A” customer
Funding for capability NASA procures capability; NASA provides seed-
demonstration funds per performance investment via milestone
evaluation board payment
DDTE responsibility NASA Industry
Maintainability/Disposi NASA Industry
tion
Procurement length Multi-year buy
Business approach System/component buy Service-based buy
NASA’s role in NASA defines “WHAT” and NASA defines only “WHAT”
capability “HOW” Industry defines “HOW”
development
Critical path NASA only $/unit measure
Requirements NASA defines detailed NASA define top-level
definition requirements capabilities needed
Cost structure Total cost $/unit measure

Saturday, September 12, 2009 7

 Lunar Commercialization Goal
 Obtain lunar data for NASA through
commercial services
– Utilize emerging commercial capability to
land payloads on the Moon
• Includes lunar data purchase and/or NASA lunar
instrument delivery
– Cost to NASA that is less than a dedicated
NASA robotic mission

– Contracted services could begin

in 2011 timeframe
Saturday, September 12, 2009 8
National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Lunar Commercial
Payload Delivery

LunEx

www.nasa.gov
Google Lunar X-Prize: Seeding the Market
Google Lunar X PRIZE: International competition to safely land a robot on the
surface of the Moon, travel 500 meters, & send images/data to Earth. Teams must
be at least 90% privately funded & be registered by 12/31/10. Maximum potential
prize of $30M to winner.

Odyssey Moon Astrobotic Team Italia Micro Space Mystery Team FredNet

ARCA LunaTrex Quantum3 Chandah Advaeros STELLAR JURBAN

Preferred Partners:

Moon 2.0: Join the Revolution

 Potential Global Demand:
Space Agencies and Commercial Space (updated June 2009)
KEY: Entrepreneurial Missions Must Start Early to Capture Demand
July 2012 Sept 2013 March 2014
LSS SRR LSS CDR Element PDR PPA?
20
International Lunar Network

Lunar Data collection

X
Cumulative Demand

15 Market estimated at
X
~3B over 10 yrs
NASA-ILN
(most likely)
NASA-ILN
10 Proof of concept X
missions UK
NASA-ILN

5 X NASA-ESMD
GLXP2 X -1
B-Ent ISRO
NASA-ILN
DLR

0 NASA-ESMD
GLXP1 A-Ent-1 China JAX UK ESA China
X Commercial Lunar Support Services

O8 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Note: ENT missions not counted
Cumulative Missions 2 4 8 10 12 14 16 19 20 20 22
 (Lunar-COTS)

LunEx
 Goal: “buy the ride” or “buy the data”
 Small (<$100M), fully commercial end-to-end
capability
– Small-class launch vehicle/lander - few kg up to 100+ kg
payload
– Medium-class launch/lander – 300-400kg payload
 Frequent, multiple flights
 Commercially-leveraged: Open Competition
for lunar transportation services
 Fixed price service
 NASA Class-D type mission portfolio
– Similar to LCROSS
 Industry provide the “Fed-Ex” to the surface
 DRAFT for RFI Package
National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Strategies for Achieving Commercial Lunar

Communications & Navigation (C&N):
Concepts for Industry Comment

Collaboration between
Exploration Systems Mission Directorate
Commercial Crew & Cargo Program Office
(C3PO)
Rob Kelso, Lead
Jon Michael Smith

And

Space Operations Mission Directorate

Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN)
Program Office
Jim Schier

www.nasa.gov

DRAFT for RFI Package

3 Phases of Commercial Lunar C&N Strategy
 S-1 (2010-2013)
– Ops: Early Missions = DTE Comm
– Testing & Development
• Subsystems DDT&E
• Test/Dev S-2/Demos
• Early Commercial Backbone
• Key is synergy between NASA, Commercial and DOD test programs
 S-2 (2013-2018)
– Ops: ILN + Intl Science missions + NASA Backside moon missions
• Products and User by Commercial C&N Network Backbone
• No NASA Network Backbone
 S-3 (2018-2020+)
– Ops: Altair and Outpost mxs
• Users: Same as S-2 + Outpost science/user data
• Manned ops for outpost/Altair (assured comm) by NASA Backbone
09/12/09 C&N Commercialization Strategy 14
Mini-ISRU Node and Evaluation of
Regolith (MINER)
Commercial Lunar Oxygen
Rover mounted ISRU Payload

Excavator

NASA & Commercial Tractor Recover Oxygen from the Lunar Regolith
 Saturday, September 12, 2009 16

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

BACKUP

www.nasa.gov
 Next Steps
 Understand NASA’s lunar “needs” :
– Develop time-phased, integrated NASA-needs list for science,
applied science, technology
• Work closely with LEAG (Mackwell, Neal) lunar roadmapping effort
 Investigate development of initiative package for
FY10-11 budget submit
– New initiative start for FY11; FY10 lays administrative
groundwork
 Identify FY10 funding
– Lunar Commerce Office
– NASA payload development and delivery
 Create Lunar Commercialization Office
– Leads lunar acquisition in support of SMD. ESMD, and SOMD
 Develop NASA acquisition strategy

Saturday, September 12, 2009 17

 ESMD Demand

 The Constellation Program

Office is currently
identifying lunar data
needs, of which a subset
would require in-situ
measurement
– There are additional
technology demonstration
needs that are currently
being vetted by
Constellation

Saturday, September 12, 2009 18

 SMD Demand
 Exploration of the
South Pole-Aitken
Basin remains a
priority
 Diversity of lunar
samples is required
for major advances
 The Moon may
provide a unique
location for
observation and
study of Earth, near-
Earth space, and the
universe
Saturday, September 12, 2009 19
 Commercial Capability

 Market Supply side

– commercially-
provided
transportation
– Google Lunar X-Prize
(GLXP): Astrobotic
Tech, Odyssey Moon,
others
– ATK: Lunar Launch &
Landing Services
– Lockheed “Lunar
Saturday, September 12, 2009 20
 Commercial Capability

 Market Demand side –

government, industry,
university-based, and
entrepreneurial customer
payloads
– Communication nodes and
infrastructure
– Power and mobility infrastructure
– Surface cargo transporters
– Science of the Moon (e.g. ALSAP-type)
and science from the Moon (e.g.
observatories)
Saturday, September 12, 2009 21
 Strategy Big Picture
 Commercial C&N Leveraging Study Results: To attract
Industry to invest, the strategy must include key big ideas.
– NASA will only provide sufficient C&N capability by HLR to assure
transportation of crew & cargo to the Moon.
– NASA must establish a program for Commercial C&N that maximizes the
opportunity for Commercial Provider(s): >70/30 Industry/NASA.*
– NASA must use its leadership and collaborate with the communications
industry to identify needed C&N services at the Moon.
– NASA must use its leadership to work with other countries and develop the
market for lunar commercial C&N businesses at the moon.
– NASA must acknowledge that the Commercial C&N Industry will provide
C&N services for this market, and to do it soon, before NASA’s exploration
program begins.
– NASA must make an early, long range commitment to buy commercial lunar
services.
* 70/30 split is notional until results
of Traffic Model analysis are
available
09/12/09 C&N Commercialization Strategy 22