Lecture 15 - Bar Development

October 23, 2001 CVEN 444

Lecture Goals
Bar Development Hook development Bar Cut-off Points Spice

Example
Design anchorage of 4 #8 top bars in column.
f c 3000 psi f y 60000 psi

Bar Cut of Points

Why do you want to put in cut off points?

Economy!

Bar Cut of Points

Factors Affecting Bar Cut-off Points (Sec. 8-6) 1.) Bars no longer needed to resist tensile forces or remaining bars are adequate (Use moment and shear envelopes) 2.) Bars must be extended on each side of section to develop bar force at that section.

Bar Cut of Points

Factors Affecting Bar Cut-off Points (Sec. 8-6) 3.) Major stress concentrations occur when tension bars are cutoff in regions of moderate to high shear forces. Leads to cracking. 4.) Code specified construction requirements (good practice)

Bar Cut of Points

Factors Affecting Bar Cut-off Points (Sec. 8-6) 5.) Load Uncertainties (Seismic Considerations)

Keep Cutoffs to a minimum

Simplify design & Construction

Determining Locations of Flexural Cutoffs

Given a simply supported beam with a distributed load.

Determining Locations of Flexural Cutoffs

Note: Total bar length =

Fully effective length

+ Development length

Determining Locations of Flexural Cutoffs

ACI 12.10.3 All longitudinal tension bars must extend a min. distance = d or 12 db (usually larger) past the theoretical cutoff for flexure (Handles uncertainties in loads, design approximations,etc..)

Determining Locations of Flexural Cutoffs

Development of flexural reinforcement in a typical continuous beam. ACI 318R-95

Bar Cutoffs - General Procedure

1. Determine theoretical flexural cutoff points for envelope of bending moment diagram. 2. Extract the bars to satisfy detailing rules (from ACI Section 7.13, 12.1, 12.10, 12.11 and 12.12) 3. Design extra stirrups for points where bars are cutoff in zone of flexural tension (ACI 12.10.5)

Bar Cutoffs - General Rules

All Bars Rule 1. Bars must extend the longer of d or 12db past the flexural cutoff points except at supports or the ends of cantilevers (ACI 12.11.1) Bars must extend at least ld from the point of maximum bar stress or from the flexural cutoff points of adjacent bars (ACI 12.10.2 12.10.4 and 12.12.2)

Ru le 2.

Bar Cutoffs - General Rules

Positive Moment Bars Rule 3. Structural Integrity Simple Supports At least one-third of the positive moment reinforcement must be extend 6 in. into the supports (ACI 12.11.1). Continuous interior beams with closed stirrups. At least one-fourth of the positive moment reinforcement must extend 6 in. into the support (ACI 12.11.1 and 7.13.2.3)

Bar Cutoffs - General Rules

Positive Moment Bars Rule 3. Continuous interior beams without closed stirrups. At least one-fourth of the positive moment reinforcement must be continuous or shall be spliced near the support with a class A tension splice and at non-continuous supports be terminated with a standard hook. (ACI 7.13.2.3).

Bar Cutoffs - General Rules

Positive Moment Bars Rule 3. Continuous perimeter beams. At least onefourth of the positive moment reinforcement required at midspan shall be made continuous around the perimeter of the building and must be enclosed within closed stirrups or stirrups with 135 degree hooks around top bars. The required continuity of reinforcement may be provided by splicing the bottom reinforcement at or near the support with class A tension splices (ACI 7.13.2.2).

Bar Cutoffs - General Rules

Positive Moment Bars Rule 3. Beams forming part of a frame that is the primary lateral load resisting system for the building. This reinforcement must be anchored to develop the specified yield strength, fy, at the face of the support (ACI 12.11.2)

Bar Cutoffs - General Rules

Positive Moment Bars Rule 4. At the positive moment point of inflection and at simple supports, the positive moment reinforcement must be satisfy the following equation for ACI 12.11.3. An increase of 30 % in value of Mn/Vu shall be permitted when the ends of reinforcement are confined by compressive reaction (generally true for simply supports).

Mn ld la Vu

Bar Cutoffs - General Rules

Negative Moment Bars Rule 5. Negative moment reinforcement must be anchored into or through supporting columns or members (ACI Sec. 12.12.1).

Bar Cutoffs - General Rules

Negative Moment Bars Rule 6. Structural Integrity Interior beams. At least one-third of the negative moment reinforcement must be extended by the greatest of d, 12 db or ln/16 past the negative moment point of inflection (ACI Sec. 12.12.3). Perimeter beams. In addition to satisfying rule 6a, one-sixth of the negative reinforcement required at the support must be made continuous at midspan. This can be achieved by means of a class A tension splice at midspan (ACI 7.13.2.2).

Example
A preliminary design of reinforcement at sections C and D is shown. Cross section are shown. Select cutoff points for locations C and D based on following requirements . For both locations assume that the flexural design is adequate and that no excess reinforcement is provided. Girder = 16 in. fc =5000 psi fy = 60000 psi

Example
(A) All the negative moment reinforcement at C will be extended past the negative moment point of inflection. Determine the cutoff point for the No 7 negative moment bars at each end. M n3 149 k ft

Example
(B) Cutoff 1 No.7 positive moment bar when it is no longer needed at each end. Provide the distance for location D (at midspan) to the cutoff point at each end of the bar.

Bar Splices
Why do we need bar splices? -- for long spans
Types of Splices 1. 2. 3. Butted &Welded Mechanical Connectors Lay Splices Must develop 125% of yield strength

Tension Lap Splices

Why do we need bar splices? -- for long spans
Types of Splices 1. 2. Contact Splice Non Contact Spice (distance 6 and splice length)

1/5

Splice length is the distance the two bars are overlapped.

Types of Splices
Class A Spice
When

(ACI 12.15.2)

As provided As req'd

over entire splice length.

and 1/2 or less of total reinforcement is spliced win the reqd lay length.
Class B Spice All tension lay splices not meeting requirements of Class A Splices

Tension Lap Splice (ACI 12.15)

where

As(reqd) = determined for bending ld = development length for bars (not allowed to use excess reinforcement modification factor)

ld must be greater than or equal to 12 in.

Lap Spices shall not be used for bars larger than No. 11. (ACI 12.14.2 Lap Spices should be placed in away from regions of high tensile stresses -locate near points of inflection (ACI 12.15.1)

Compression Lap Splice (ACI 12.16)

Lap, reqd = 0.0005fy db for fy < 60000 psi Lap, reqd = (0.0009fy -24) db for fy > 60000 psi Lap, reqd >= 12 in For fc <= 3000 psi, required lap splice shall be multiply by (4/3) (ACI 12.16.1)

In tied column splices with effective tie area throughout splice length 0.0015 hs factor = 0.83 In spiral column splices, factor =0.75 But final splice length 12 in.