Land Reform

refers specifically to change in tenurial relation. It seeks to alter the size distribution of landholding or the distribution of farm income or both. it ends through the issuance of land CERTIFICATE the redistribution of land

Agrarian Reform
it is a set of measures designed to eliminate obstacle through economic and social development arising out of defects in the agrarian. it is a package of support in restructuring the agricultural sector.

Objectives of Agrarian Reform

to bring about social justice increase agricultural activity Objectives of Land Reform: to abolish feudal farm to free the peasant from the bondage of the landlord to promote optimum scale operation of the farm

FIVE MAJOR COMPONENTS OF AGRARIAN REFORM The LAND TENURE IMPROVEMENT visible aspect of this is the on going transfer of land to the tenants. INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT This refers to the development of the farmers association and financial institutions. The establishment of the cooperative through the assistance of CDA

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
the construction of roads and bridges from farm to market, the establishment of irrigation system, flood control, solar dryer pavement, etc. AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT This is the development of farm management services. Ex. The use of modern farm methods

HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT it - refers to the development of farm laborers- establish a good relationship between landowner and tenant

 Before the advent of Spanish colonialism, land was communally and publicly owned. The tillers had full access to and ownership of their produce. Encomienda vast truck of land Encomiendero the owner of encomienda

Types of Encomienda Royal land owned by the king Ecclessiastical owned by religious leaders Private owned by the soldiers. The principalia, or the local elite, facilitatated the process of land accumulation.

Under the American Rule

PHIL. BILL OF 1902 which provide for the regulation of public lands with the objective of developing a class of independent farmers.

TORRENS SYSTEM which provided for the registration of lands, so the government could grant titles after the corresponding survey and ownership had been proven in court.

 PUBLIC LAND ACT OF 1902 this provided with homesteadily plot not exceeding 16 hectares of public land to families who occupied and cultivated them since August 1, 1898. if a person cultivated the land for 6 years, the land will be given to him. RICE SHARE TENANCY ACT(ACT NO. 4054) provided for better tenants-landlord relationship a 50-50 crop sharing and regulation of interest on loans to 10% per agricultural year.

COMMONWEALTH PERIOD
C.A. NO. 461 it gave landlord and tenant the opportunity to appear the decision of the arbitrator to the court of industrial relation C. A. NO. 178 prohibits unjust dismissal by adamant landlords. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 34 safeguard the rights of the tenants which provided mgt. a 70-30 crop sharing between between tenant and landlord.

RA NO. 1199 MAGNA CARTA FOR PHIL TENANTS

To establish agricultural tenancy relationship between landholders and tenants based on social justice. Adequate protection to tenants and landlords in the enjoyment of their rights. Ensures equitable division of produce.

Objective:
To protect the tenants for unjust treatment and from dismissal of unexpected or unnecessary aggression RA NO. 1400 it was introduced on 1954 and branded as communist inspired. This Act shall be known as the "Land Reform Act of 1955." It is the declared policy of the State to create and maintain an agrarian system which is peaceful, prosperous and stable, and to this end the Government shall establish and distribute as many family-size farms to as many landless citizens as possible through the opening up of public agricultural lands and the division and distribution of private agricultural lands where agrarian conflicts exist, either by private arrangement with the owners or through expropriation proceedings.

 RA NO. 6125 A P50M export taxes should be placed in the agrarian reform program the peasant were to pay 10% down payment on the plot they received and at the same time they have to pay rents to their landlords.

RA NO. 3844
The Land Agricultural LandReform Code of 1968 or RA NO. 3844 under the leadership of Pres. Disodado Macapagal abolish and outlaw share tenancy and put in its place the agricultural leasehold system.

It likewise provided for the eventual expropriation and subdivision of bog landed estates and their resale of cost and on installment to landless tillers and reduced the retention limit to 75 hectares.

UNDER MARTIAL LAW

PD NO. 2 proclaiming the entire Philippine as a land reform area. PD NO. 27 TENANT EMANCIPATION ACT designed to emancipate the tenants from the bondage of the soil and transfer to them the title of the land they till. 5 hectares for non-irrigated and 3 hectares for irrigated.

PD NO. 57
which exempts the landowner from paying capital gains tax on the proceeds of amortization paid him by the tenant. PD NO. 84 which authorizes the minister of A.R. to sign on behalf of the President of the Philippines. PD NO. 175 which strengthens the countries cooperative movement by providing with a strong and social or economic organizations to ensure the tenant farmers.

PD NO. 251

which provides with the revitalization of the LBP as the most effective financing instrument of A.R. PD NO. 315 providing the financial institutions to accept as collateral for loans, the land transfer certificates issued to qualified tenant farmers. PD NO. 316 prohibiting the expelled of tenants from their farm holdings pending the promulgation of the rules.