MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ..

SUBMITTED BY :
Gauri Bukkawar(04)
B,arch Xth sem

CONTENTS
SOURCES OF ENERGY
SOLAR ENERGY
APPLICATIONS
INDIAN ENERGY SCENARIO
POWER GENERATION IN INDIA
PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT
SOLAR CELL
SOLAR PANELS
TYPES OF PANELS
PROCESS OF ENERGY GENERATION
CALCULATIONS
ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION
WEBOGRAPHY

MOVING TOWRDS SOLAR ENERGY..

SOURCES OF ENERGY
SOURCES OF ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY

NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

(COAL, PETROLEUM,
GASES...Etc)
SOLAR ENERGY
NUCLEAR ENERGY
ENERGY SYORED IN WATER
WIND ENERGY
TIDAL ENERGY
GEOTHERMAL ENRGY
THERMOELECTRIC POWER

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY..

SOLAR ENERGY

Solar energy is intense radiation coming from the sun.

This energy can be captured and converted into two major useful forms: Heat and Electricity.

The amount of energy captured depends on geographical location and amount of radiation source
available.

The amount of energy is greatest in afternoon

compared to morning and evening times.

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY..

SOLAR ENERGY APPLICATION

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Solar
Solar
Solar
Solar
Solar
Solar
Solar
Solar
Solar

water heating
air heating
crop and timber drying
water distillation
cooking
passive and active heating of buildings
refrigeration and air conditioning
power generation
electricity generation by solar cell etc.

SOLAR PASSIVE AND ACTIVE TECHNIQUES FOR BUILDINGS

Simple Passive Solar Techniques -Site condition
- Plan Form
- Building Orientation
- Building envelop
Advance Passive Solar TechniquesHeating Techniques - Thromb Wall
Cooling Techniques - Evaporative cooling
- Water Wall
- Nocturnal
Radiation
- Roof pond
- Induced
Ventilation
- Solar Chimney
- Earth
Sheltering
- Solarium
- Wind
tower
Earth ENERGY..
MOVING TOWARDS -SOLAR
air tunnel

SCENARIO IN INDIA
India is a country occupying 2% of the world's land mass and currently generating about 2% of the
global electricity.
India has, however a share of 16% in the world's population.
Even with full utilization of all existing non-renewable resources, this level of increased generation
capacity cannot be sustained for more than a few decades.
To meet energy demand solar power can play an important role.
India, the world's second-most populous country, is facing a looming energy crisis.
Given that this is a tropical country rich in sunlight, solar energy offers the most practicable
solution to overcoming growing energy demand.

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY..

POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

InstalledCapacityMillionWatts

Coal

81605

Diesel

1200

Gas

16822
3%2%

Total

99627

Solar and Renewable

Energy

15225

Nuclear

4120

Grand Total

Present condition
condition

Future

118972

Source: Ministry of power,AsonMarch31,2009

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY..

PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT

The photovoltaic effect involves the creation of a voltage in a material upon which exposure is
taken place.

In this the generated electrons are transferred from one material to another resulting in the buildup
of a voltage between two electrodes.

In most photovoltaic applications the

radiation is sunlight and for this reason the
devices making use of the photovoltaic effect
to convert solar energy into electrical energy
are known as solar cells.

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY..

SOLAR CELL
A solar cell is a device that converts the energy of sunlight directly into electricity by the
photovoltaic effect.
Assemblies of cells are used to make solar panels, solar modules or photovoltaic arrays.

The energy generated this way is an example of solar energy.

solar cells are capable of producing electricity for at least twenty
years without a significant decrease in efficiency.
The typical warranty given by panel manufacturers
is for a period of 25 - 30 years.

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY..

TYPES OF SOLAR CELL

Thin film processing

Metamorphic multijunction solar cell
Polymer processing
Transparent conductors
Silicon-wafer based solar cells
Infrared solar cells
UV solar cell
3d solar cells
Photovoltaic thermal hybrid

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY..

SOLAR PANEL

Solar cells are encapsulated as a module(a single panel), and a set of panels are made.

Photovoltaic modules often have a sheet of glass on the

front (sun up) side, allowing light to pass while protecting
the semiconductor wafers from the elements like rain.

Solar cells are also usually connected in series in modules,

creating an additive voltage.
Connecting cells in parallel will yield a higher current.
Modules are then interconnected, in series or parallel,
or both, to create an array with the desired peak DC
voltage and current.

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY..

TYPES OF SOLAR PANEL

MONOCRYSTALLINE SOLAR PANELS
Monocrystalline solar panels are made from a large crystal of silicon.
These types of solar panels are the most efficient as in absorbing sunlight and converting it into
electricity; however they are the most expensive.

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY..

TYPES OF SOLAR PANEL

POLYCRYSTALLINE SOLAR PANELS
Polycrystalline solar panels are the most common type of solar panels on the market today. They
look a lot like shattered glass.
They are slightly less efficient than the monocrystalline solar panels and less expensive to produce.
Instead of one large crystal, this type of solar panel consists of multiple amounts of smaller silicon
crystals.

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY..

PROCESS OF ENERGY GENERATION

Photovoltaic cells are capable of directly converting sunlight into electricity.

Battery needed as storage Higher the power, higher will be the battery capacity
The power output of a solar array is measured in watts or kilowatts.
Sunlight hits the PV panel and the panel transforms the light energy into electrical energy.

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY..

CALCULATION

Clear of shade from a minimum of 10 A.M. to 2 P.M. on December 21st.

Calculate the AC and DC load.

The power output of a solar array is measured in watts or kilowatts.
To make practical use of the solar-generated energy, the electricity is most often convert into the
electricity grid using inverters (grid-connected photovoltaic systems).
And stored in batteries when not
required immediately.(stand alone system)

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY..

ADVANTAGES

All chemical and radioactive polluting by-products of the thermonuclear reactions remain behind on
the sun, while only pure radiant energy reaches the Earth.

Available in ample amount at most places in India, free of cost, with proper comfort level.

Energy reaching the earth is incredible. By one calculation, 30 days of sunshine striking the Earth
have the energy equivalent of the total of all the planets fossil fuels, both used and unused!

The heat energy produced by sun, if ever captured completely, can satisfy entire mankinds energy
requirement for hundreds of years.

It can be stored if not required immediately.

With proper designing, the electricity generated from solar energy can light up entire house.
The solar energy is noise free, pollution free, and maintenance free.

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY..

DISADVANTAGES

Initial cost of project goes very high.

Sun does not shine consistently throughout the season and varies across geographical locations.

Also the 23 degree tilt of earth axis ensures non-uniform distribution of solar energy.

Solar energy is a diffuse type of heat source.

The diffusion occurs due to various environmental factors like clouds, moisture, dust, pollutant and
altitude of the location.

The intensity of solar radiation after diffusion can vary from 10% to 100%.

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY..

CONCLUSION

So, there is no doubt to say the scope of power generation using solar energy is very bright and
to becoming a developed nation the consumption of solar energy have to be done.
Goal is to decrease dependence on fossil fuels.
Currently, 75% of electrical power is generated by coal-burning and nuclear power plants, It
can be decreased.
Solar energy reduces the effects of acid rain, carbon dioxide, and other.

Pollution free, indefinitely sustainable.

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY..

WEBOGRAPHY:

www.powermin.nic.in
www.mnes.nic.in
www.specmet.com
www.desertec.org/solarenergy

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY..