APPROACHES OF HUMAN

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
SYNOPSIS
 Introduction
 Definition
 Approaches
 Conclusion
Introduction

Human resources is one of the most

valuable and unique assets of an
organization

In the words of León

“the term human resources refers to the
total knowledge , skills, creative abilities,
talents and aptitudes of an organization
work force and individual”
Definition

 According to Ivancevich
“ personal /human resource management is the
function performed in organization that
facilitates the most effective use of people to
achieve organizational and individual goals”
Approaches

 Industrial revolution

 Scientific management approach

 Human relations approach

 Human resource approach

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 The momentum for the industrial revolution grew

through the 17th century.

 Agriculture methods were continuously improving

which resulted in surplus and that surplus used for
trade.

This created the need for improving work methods

like

 Productivity
 Quality
 Quantity , which led to the beginning of industrial

revolution
 During this period we have some important
contributors
In the field of business organizations

 Adam smith
 Charles Babbage
 Robert Owen
 Division of labor
Adam smith Adam smith
 He wrote about economic
advantages of division of labor.
 Results of division of labor

 The development of skills

 Time saving
 The possibility of using
specialized tools
 Charles Babbage

In 1832 he examined and expanded the

division of labor in his work
Robert
Owenown
emphasized on human Robert own

aspects in management and

advocated on number of
benefits to employees

 Concentrated on developing
concepts relating to effective
utilization of resources at the
shop floor level
Scientific management approach
 In early 1900 most of the business owners
and managers believed that if employees
were to be effectively managed, they had
to be constantly supervised and forced to
work.
 Employees were considered to be equal in
terms of productivity.
 F. w. Taylor, is considered as father of
scientific management
 He focused on Study of motions that were
required for each job the tools used and time
needed to accomplish each task.

 If workers out put exceeded the standard

output they were given additional incentive
pay.

 time and motion studies replaced rule -of –

thumb.

 Managers embraced the concept of “economic

man”
Human relations approach
 The Hawthorne studies , conducted during
1930’s and 1940’s by Elton mayo.

 The result suggested that employee

productivity was effected not only by
economic rewards but also by certain social
and psychological factors.

 unions played a vital role

Although the HRA was successful in
improving the work environment , it was
not successful in increasing their
productivity and improving job satisfaction.
 Reasons
Ø oversimplified concept
Ø It did not recognize individual difference.
Ø Failed to recognize others factors like job
structure, performance management,
career planning & development.
 Human resource approach

 Organizations have now adopted the human

resource approach, which treats the
organizational goals and employee needs as
mutable and compatible.
 It is based on number of principles

 Employees are assets to an organization.

 polices, programs and practices must cater

to the needs of employees and should help
them in their work and also in their
personal development.

 Encourage employees to develop their

knowledge and skills for the benefit of the
organization.
Human resource approach