DFD Examples

Creating Data Flow Diagrams

Steps: 1. Create a list of activities 2. Construct Context Level DFD (identifies external entities and processes) 3. Construct Level 0 DFD (identifies manageable sub process ) 4. Construct Level 1- n DFD (identifies actual data flows and data stores ) 5. Check against rules of DFD

DFD Naming Guidelines

External Entity Noun Data Flow Names of data Process verb phrase
a system name
a subsystem name

Data Store Noun

Example : Restaurant

Creating Data Flow Diagrams

Example

Steps:
1. Create a list of activities

Old way: no Use-Case Diagram The operations of a simple stand will be used to New way: use Use-Case Diagram demonstrate the creation of 2. Construct Context Level DFD dataflow diagrams. (identifies sources and sink) 3. Construct Level 0 DFD (identifies manageable sub processes ) 4. Construct Level 1- n DFD (identifies actual data flows and data stores )

Creating Data Flow Diagrams

Example
Think through the activities that take place.

1. Create a list of activities

Customer Order Serve Product Collect Payment Produce Product Store Product

Creating Data Flow Diagrams

Example
1. Create a list of activities Also think of the additional activities needed to support the basic activities. Customer Order Serve Product Collect Payment Produce Product Store Product Order Raw Materials Pay for Raw Materials Pay for Labor

Creating Data Flow Diagrams

Example
Group these activities in some logical fashion, possibly functional areas. 1. Create a list of activities Customer Order Serve Product Collect Payment Produce Product Store Product Order Raw Materials Pay for Raw Materials Pay for Labor

Creating Data Flow Diagrams

Example
Create a context level diagram identifying the sources and sinks (users).
Customer Order Serve Product Collect Payment Produce Product Store Product Order Raw Materials Pay for Raw Materials
VENDOR CUSTOMER

2. Construct Context Level DFD (identifies sources and sink)

Context Level DFD

Order Sales Forecast
0.0 Restaurant Production Schedule EMPLOYEE Pay System

Product Served Payment Received Goods Payment

Time Worked Purchase Order

Pay for Labor

Creating Data Flow Diagrams

3. Construct Level 0 DFD (identifies manageable sub processes )

Example
Create a level 0 diagram identifying the logical subsystems that may exist.
Customer Order

Level 0 DFD
1.0 Sale

Sales Forecast

Customer Order Serve Product Collect Payment Produce Product Store Product Order Raw Materials Pay for Raw Materials Pay for Labor

Payment
CUSTOMER

Product Served Received Goods

2.0 Production Product Ordered Production Schedule

EMPLOYEE

Inventory
3.0 Procurement

VENDOR

Purchase Order Payment

Order Decisions Pay Time Worked

4.0 Payroll

4. Construct Level 1- n DFD (identifies actual data flows and data stores )

Example
Create a level 1 decomposing the processes in level 0 and identifying data stores.
Customer Order Serve Product Collect Payment Produce Product Store Product Order Raw Materials Pay for Raw Materials
Payment
1.2 Receive Payment PAYMENT

Level 1 DFD
CUSTOMER

Customer Order
ORDER 1.1 Record Order

Request for Forecast

Severed Order

1.3 Produce Sales Forecast

Sales Forecast

Pay for Labor

4. Construct Level 1 (continued) Create a level 1 decomposing the processes in level 0 and identifying data stores.
Customer Order Serve Product Collect Payment Produce Product Store Product

Example

Level 1 DFD
Product Order
ORDER 2.1 Serve Product

Quantity Severed
RAW MATERIALS

Production Schedule
2.2 Produce Product

Quantity Used
INVENTORTY

Order Raw Materials Pay for Raw Materials

Pay for Labor

Production Data
2.3 Store Product

Quantity Produced & Location Stored

4. Construct Level 1 (continued)

Example
Create a level 1 decomposing the processes in level 0 and identifying data stores.
Customer Order Serve Product Collect Payment
Order Decision
3.1 Produce Purchase Order

Level 1 DFD
PURCHASE ORDER

Quantity On-Hand Quantity Received

RAW MATERIALS

Received Goods
3.2 Receive Items

Produce Product Store Product

Order Raw Materials Pay for Raw Materials

Payment Approval
3.3 Pay Vendor

RECEIVED ITEMS

VENDOR

Pay for Labor

Payment

4. Construct Level 1 (continued)

Example
Create a level 1 decomposing the processes in level 0 and identifying data stores.
Customer Order Serve Product Collect Payment Produce Product Store Product
Time Worked
4.1 Record Time Worked

Level 1 DFD
TIME CARDS

Employee ID
EMPLOYEE

Payroll Request
4.2 Calculate Payroll

Unpaid time cards

PAYROLL

Payment Approval

Order Raw Materials Pay for Raw Materials

Pay for Labor
Payment

4.3 Pay Employe e

PAYMENTS

Process Decomposition
Level 0 Context Level
1.0 Sale

Level 1
1.1 Record Order 1.2 Receive Payment

0.0 Lemonade System

2.0 Production

2.1 Serve Product

2.2 Produce Product

2.3 Store Product

3.0 Procurement

3.1 Produce Purchase Order

3.2 Receive Items

3.3 Pay Vendor

4.0 Payroll

4.1 Record Time Worked

4.2 Calculate Payroll

4.3 Pay Employe e

Bus Garage Context Diagram

Mechanical problem to be repaired Fixed mechanical problems

Bus Supervisor

Helper

Labor

Bus Repair Process System

Labor, parts cost details

Repair summary List of parts used

Labor

Inventory Management System

Mechanic

Accounting

Burgers Order Processing System

Draw the Burgers context diagram

System
Order processing system

External entities
Kitchen Restaurant Customer

Processes
Customer order Receipt Food order Management report

Item Record

NEXT L

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