AIR GENERATION & DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

OBJECTIVE
1. State and compare the types of air

compressors.

2. State and explain the compressor

accessories.

3. State and explain on air dehydration.

4. State and explain the effect of air treatment

EQUATION ASSOCIATED WITH COMPRESSIBLE AIR

Pressure kPa psi bar
Air return back into the atmosphere based on the equation of the unit below.
1 atmosphere = 100 kPa (1 Pascal = 1 N/m2) = 14.5 psi = 1.01325 bar

Boyles Law Air does not have a specific form. If the volume of a mass is reduced, the pressure will increase because it is inversely proportional to the volume, that is, if the volume is reduced by a half times, the pressure will increase by 2 times as Figure below.

The pressure force on the piston

The formula to prove the theory are:

P1V1 = P2V2

 POWER

Units for the force is the Newton.

Force = Pressure x Area

Nowadays, with the materials and manufacturing technologies cylinder where it has a low level of friction. The formula for calculating the effective force, Feff estimated 10% loss is:
Feff = P x D2 x 7

Where the effective force in Newton's unit, the unit of pressure in the bar and the diameter (D2) in cm2

AIR COMPRESSOR
Air compressor compresses air from atmospheric pressure to a higher pressure. This is done by the compressor is to reduce the volume of air.
Supplied air must be clean of oil and

contaminants.

 Aplication of Air compressed

1. Reciprocating equipment such as a hammer handle clutter-free, concrete breakers and so on.
2. Handling equipment such as rotary motors,

3.

4.
5.

6.

grinding, drill, air-operated pump, wrenches and so on. Spray paint, oil, pesticides and so on. Operating the air pistons to press tool, opening doors, lifting, gripping and so on. Air spray for cleaning purposes. Operate control equipment, valves and so on.

TYPES OF COMPRESSOR
COMPRESSOR

Positive Displacement Type ~ reciprocating ~ rotary

Dynamic type ~ Radial flow type ~ Axial flow type

RECIPROCAL COMPRESSOR

One level piston compressor

& two levels piston compressor

diaphragm compressor

One level piston compressor

Injap sedutan Injap hantaran Liang hantaran Liang sedutan Omboh

a) Release Process

(b) Delivery Process

One level piston compressor

Two levels piston compressor

Liang Sedutan Udara masuk Silinder Pertama Silinder Kedua

Liang Hantaran

Omboh Pertama

Omboh Kedua

Saluran Udara Termampat

Air Penyejuk Keluar Penyejuk Antara

Air Penyejuk Masuk

Two levels piston compressor

Two levels piston compressor

Diaphragm compressor
Injap

Gegendang

ROTARY COMPRESSOR

Sliding Vane Compressor

Screw compressor

Sliding Vane Compressor

Can result in pressure between 400 kN / m - 800 kN / m. Elements is basically a player and a few pieces of free ram visited radially in one casing

Sliding Vane Compressorram gelangsar

Screw compressor
Screw-type compressor with lubricating oil as protection from leaks.
It can be used if the load applied to it unchanged.

The problem is the screw-type compressor, compressed air is produced with oil content, so it requires oil filter installed in series the output is divided.

COMPRESSORS ACCESORIES

COMPRESSORS ACCESORIES
1.Input strainer & Silencers 2.Air Reservoir 3.Pressure-Relief valves 4.Service Unit

Input strainer and Silencers

Each system requires a filter compressor suction to remove dirt particles before the air enters the inlet port. These filters are usually paper elements that require maintenance or replacement from

time to time.
A silencer is sometimes necessary to eliminate the

noise of the air entering the compressor. It can be installed before or after the filter depends on the effects of silencers required.

Air reservoir

Filter the air coming into the main system (filter input). Storing compressed air to prevent the compressor operates continuously. Heat transfer to cool the compressed air to promote the condensate drips down the reservoir before the air channeled into a pneumatic system. Collect condensate and dirt from the air. The relief valve is located in the upper air tube

function to control the excess pressure

.

Air reservoir

Pressure relief valve

This tool is an air receiver

installed in a relaxing medium for changing the pressure in the system Ensure that the operating pressure is always constant

Service unit
This tool is a package that contains the air

Filter, pressure Regulator and Lubricator

Service unit

Air filter

Pressure regulator

Filter

Filter

Air filters used to clean the air.

Pressure regulator
Inlet pressure must always be higher than the output pressure.

Lubricator
Adequate supply of lubricant

needed for pneumatic equipment. A piping installation made channels. Pipes made of rubber, plastic or metal. Pipe used as gas channels can not be used at all.

Air dehydration

Air dehydration
Air dehydration process serves to lower

temperatures and dry air after the compression process. Air dehydration process can be divided into two parts as follows:
Continuous cooler Air dryer

Continuous cooler
Air cool - cooling process, air as a medium.
Water cool - cooling process is done by using

water as a medium.

Air cool

Water cool

Air dryer
Absorbance drying Adsorption drying Coolant drying (low temperature drying) Main line filter

Absorbance drying
Using wet chemical type of fluid to absorb water from the air.
After absorbing this chemical water will

become liquid. Among the chemicals most commonly used are urea, lithium and calcium chloride

 Holding cylinder built to store

chemical absorbent in large numbers. bottom of the cylinder and flows up through the absorbent material level before the dry air passes out. the air will be moist and liquid and drip down.

Compressed air to flow in from the

Chemicals that absorb moisture from

Chemicals in the cylinder will

decrease and should be increased from time to time by adding space at the top of the cylinder.

Adsorption drying
Adsorption method means that the water from the air will stick to the surface of the chemicals. Usually composed of silica gel and activated alumina is filled into the cylinder

Fresh air enters from the bottom and out as the dry air at the top. If required the air drier, air will flow back into the

second cylinder and removed at the bottom of the second cylinder.

Coolant drying (low temperature drying)

The air was compressed at a temperature of about 44C in

through the inlet through a pipe. Wet air conditioning air flow directly through the air and straight into the water separator. In the water separator, the water collected will drip down. The semi-dry air and cold air is passed directly to the "air into the coolant" and out into the water separator where the water collected will drip down. The air was dry and cold air is passed over to the "air to air" before the air flows into the system. Out of the dryer air conditioner is dry and cold air. The exit temperature of about 2C

Coolant drying (low temperature drying)

TQ