Example 2 - Option 2: Bent Columns On Capped Piles: Abutment

Example 2 Option 2:
Bent columns on capped piles
Abutment
Bent cap
Pile cap Abutment
Piles: 14" concrete-filled steel pipe
Details on following slides
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Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option2-Final.ppt
railing 8" slab deck 4" 8.25' 6.25' 4.0'
BT-63 girder
Top of column at midheight of bent cap 30.25'
32.25' 47.0'
24.0' 20.0'
Ground level 4.0' 14.75' 12.75' Top of piles at midheight of pile cap
Assumed point of pile fixity (idealized cantilever pile)
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Extend the pile to the middepth of the pile cap
14" concrete-filled steel pipe Bent cap 13.0' 2.0' 30" 4.5' 6.5'
4.5'
5.0' 13.0' 8.5' 2.0' 2.0'
Pile cap: 13' x 13' x 4'

4.0' 12.75' Assumed point of pile fixity
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Z Pinned bearing X
X = 80.0' Z=0 Z = -6.083' Z = -8.25'
Z = -6.25'
Z = -6.083' Roller bearing (X = 0, X = 160')
Z = -6.25
Abutment Bent Extend the pile to the middepth of the pile cap
24.0'
Z = -32.25' 14.75 Z = -47.0'
X = 73.5'
X = 75.5'
10/19/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option2-Final.ppt
X = 84.5'
X = 86.5'
Z Y
15.0'
13.0'
8.5' 4.0' 2.0'
Y = -15.0 Y = -13.0
Y = -4.0 Y = -2.0
Y=0
Units: feet Y = -8.5
Views toward X = 0
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Y = 13.0
Y = 2.0 Y = 4.0
Y = 8.5
X = 80, Y = 0, Z = 0
Z X
Bridge Wizard cannot model the pile and pile cap. These must be modeled (drawn) manually. The pile cap is modeled as a 4.0' deep thick-plate element (element boundaries and all plate nodes are in one plane at the mid-depth of the plate). The piles are frame sections that must be defined before they can be used.
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Z X Y
next 2 slides
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Y = - 8.5'
Z View in +X direction Y
bent cap column pile nodes overlapping nodes
top of deck
Z=0
bent cap ( frame section )

Z = - 8.25'
column ( frame section )
pile cap ( thick-shell element ) Z = - 32.25'
pile ( frame section ) Z = - 47.0'

10/19/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option2-Final.ppt 8
Z X Y
top of column at mid-depth of bent cap at X = 80.0', Y = - 8.5', Z = - 8.25' mid-depth of pile cap in a plane at Z = - 32.25' tops of piles in a plane at cap mid-depth Z = - 32.25'
column pile nodes bottoms of all piles at depth Z = - 47.0' overlapping nodes
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Open file CSI Bridge file Example2-Two-Equal-Span-Option2.bdb saved at the end of Option 1
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Extrude view off Extrude view on
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For the rest of this example, the Bridge Wizard will not be used Instead, the CSI command line tabs and sub-tabs in the screen headings will be used. For example:
Command line tab
Sub-tabs
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First, remove the fixity (all d.o.f.) at column bases that was used in Option 1
Option 1 assumed column bases were "fixed"
Note CSI bridge "fixed boundary" symbol
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Recall that in Option 1 the Bent was named Bent_fixed_base
Bent_fixed_base
Fixed base support ( all 6 d.o.f. )
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For Option 2 a new Bent named Bent_free_base will be created. The free end of each column base will later be connected to the pile cap foundation.
Bent_free_base
Free base support ( all 6 d.o.f. )
See next slide
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The built-in Base Support options provided by the Bridge Bent Column Data form are only Pinned or Fixed ( the default option is Fixed, as show ). In order to have a Free column base support it is necessary to define and attach a new user-defined Foundation Spring that is free in all 6 d.o.f. This Foundation Spring is a new Component. It will be created in the following slides, and named Column_base_spring.
Bent_free_base
Z Y X
Column_base_spring ( free in all 6 d.o.f. )
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Components command line tab, Item Foundation Springs sub-tab
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Create a new Foundation Spring
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Define and name Column_base_spring
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Create a new Bent ( cap and columns ) and name it Column_free_base

Z
4.0'
Z = -8.25' Column length: 24.0' ( mid-depth of bent cap to mid-depth of pile cap )
5.0' 22.0'
4.0' pile cap and piles will be added later
Z = -32.25' free end of column ( represented by Column_base_spring )
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Components command line tab, Item Bents sub-tab
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Create a new Bent to be named Bent_free_base ( note that Bent_fixed_base already exists )
Symbol for fixed reaction at base of column for Bent_fixed_base
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The new Bent_free_base has been created, but has not yet been assigned to the bridge model ( to replace the currently assigned Bent_free_base )
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Replace Bent_fixed_base with Bent_free_base in the Bridge Model
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Update model to complete replacing Bent_fixed_base with Bent_free_base
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Revising the reaction condition at the base of the bent columns is complete.
No base reaction symbol is shown at a reaction point that is free ( Bent_free_base )
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Add a new Frame Section for the 14"-diam concrete-filled steel pipe piles
Review existing Material Properties
Reinforcing steel Structural steel ( default ) 4 ksi concrete ( will be used in piles )
The materials needed for the piles have already available ( no new materials are required )
Create a Frame Section for the concrete-filled pipe pile ( reference: CSIBridge-EI-multiplier.ppt )
CSI Bridge has no built-in Frame Sections of this type.

concrete core
Concrete: fc' = 4 ksi
tw = 3/8"
doutside = 14"
Ec = 3708 ksi Note that the steel properties are not entered ( they are needed to compute the SMF )
steel pipe
The program uses the following method to create a Frame Section like this one: 1. Start with a concrete section whose outside diameter is that of the pipe doutside. doutside = 14.0 in 2. Enter a Stiffness Multiplication Factor SMF = 2.297 to increase the EI of the concrete section to that of the filled-pipe section
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Assuming current units: kips, ft, F
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Complete creating Conc_filled_pipe_pile
Conc_filled_pipe_pile is a fictitious 14"-diam concrete pile section whose stiffness has been increased by a SMF = 2.297 so that it will act as a concrete-filled steel pipe pile section.
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Add a new thick plate Area Section for the 4'-thick pile cap
Use Advanced tab
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Complete Pile_cap_plate definition
Verify units: Kip, ft, F
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Bridge is now ready for adding pile/cap foundation
Redefined bent: Bent_free_base
Z
X
New component definitions added:

Pile cap thick-plate elements: Pile_cap_plate Concrete-filled steel pipe piles: Conc_filled_pipe_pile
Bent_free_base
24.0'
Z = -32.25' "Free" bent column base defined by: Column_base_spring (free in 6 d.o.f.)
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Add the pile cap and piles to each column in the Bridge Model
Z
Bent cap: 4.0' x 4.0' x 27.0' ( already in Bridge Model )
Y X
Bent column: 30"-diam x 24.0' ( already in Bridge Model ) Pile cap: 13.0' x 13.0' x 4.0' thick plate element Piles: 14" concrete-filled steel pipe pile
The bent cap, bent columns and the piles have been defined as Frame Sections. The pile cap finite elements have been defined as a thick plate Area Sections.
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Z
8.25'
Draw this pile/cap foundation first, and then copy to other side
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View in +Y direction ( section thru Y = - 8.5 )
Z Y
View in +X direction ( section thru X = 80 ) Z=0
Z=0
Z = - 8.25
Z = - 8.25
Z = - 32.25
Z = - 32.25
Z = - 47.0
Z = - 47.0
38
Components, nodes and grid lines.

Z=0
Z X Y
Z = - 8.25
The terms Nodes and Joints mean the same thing, and are used interchangeably.
Z = - 32.25
Z = - 47.0
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Nodes ( "joints" ) and grid lines

Z = - 8.25 nodes required to for pile cap area nodes required to draw piles
Z X Y
nodes at ends of column nodes that will be inserted when pile cap is assembled from plate elements Z = - 32.25
Z = - 47.0 The grid lines will be used to draw thick plate elements that make up the pile cap, and the nine piles. Nodes will be added by the program as these components are drawn.
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Z = - 8.25'
Z = - 32.25'
In order to draw piles and pile cap grid lines will be required at: X = 73.5 , 75.5 , 80.0 , 84.5 , 86.5
Z = - 47.0'
Y = -2.0 , -4.0 , -8.5 , -13.0 , -15.0 Z = -8.25 , -32.25 , - 47.0
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View joints ( "nodes" ) created by CSI Bridge
Check to turn on Joint Labels
Uncheck to show Joints This block will remain unchecked so that Joints are visible in the balance of this Exercise
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Typical joint and label
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Use Rubberband Zoom to isolate and expand any selected region in view window
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Start
Drag Rubberband Zoom cursor to capture region to be zoomed-in on
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Region enclosed with Rubberband Zoom expanded to full view window
Repeat Rubberband Zoom to zoom in further
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Return to full-size view
Restored full view
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Turn off Joint Labels, but leave Joints showing
Uncheck
Remember these joints are automatically created by CSI Bridge anytime model is Updated
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View default grid lines created by CSI Bridge
Can be in any heading ( Home show here )
Right-click anywhere in drawing window
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Even though CSI Bridge inserted many joints ( "nodes" ) no grid lines were drawn through any nodes except the origin at X, Y, Z = 0, 0, 0
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1. Delete the grid lines for X = 0, Y = 0 and Z = 0

2. Enter grid lines listed on Slide 38 ( be certain units are Kip, ft, F )
Double left-click on each cell Enter
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Only the grid lines listed in the Define Grid System Data table are shown
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Use Rubberband Zoom to get a closer view
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Note that joints ( "nodes" ) are not automatically created at the grid intersections. Joints are only created when members are drawn ( either in Bridge Wizard or manually ). Additional joints will be added as the cap elements and the piles are drawn.
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View of XZ plane ( in +Y direction ) Z Y X
If the XZ view is chosen, then the user can "step through" the XZ planes at Y = -2.0 , -4.0 , -8.5 , -13.0 , and -15.0
These are the planes that have been created by drawing the grid lines.
There must be grid lines at these Y locations for the "step through" to be possible
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Switch to a 2D view in the XZ plane in the +Y direction
View of XZ plane
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View of XZ plane at Y = -15
Use arrows to "step up" or "step down" through Y planes X = 73.5 X = 80 X = 86.5
Grid lines Z = -8.25
X = 160 Z = -32.25 Z = -47.0
X=0
"X-Z Plane @ Y=-15"
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X = 84.5
X = 73.5
Cursor location
58
View of XZ plane at Y = -13
No structure components visible because they have not been drawn yet "X-Z Plane @ Y=-13"
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View of XZ plane at Y = -8.5
Bent column and nodes visible
"X-Z Plane @ Y=-8.5"
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Switch view from XZ plane to XY plane
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View of XY planes at Z = -8.25, -32.25, -47.0
Step through Z = -8.25 , -32.25, -47.0

Bent cap beam and nodes
Y=0
"X-Y Plane @ Z=-47"
"X-Y Plane @ Z=-32.25"
"X-Y Plane @ Z=-8.25"
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Modeling the Pile Cap

The 13.0' x 13.0' x 4.0' pile cap will be modeled as an assembly of plate finite elements. Finite elements connect to each other, and to other components in the structure, at joints at the corners of each finite element. In CSI Bridge, a plate finite element is a subset of shell finite elements. A rectangular plate element has a joint at each of its four corners. Six degrees of freedom are active at each joint (i.e., six forces three linear and three rotational - can act at each joint ). The element local coordinate system ( 1-2-3 ) is the frame of reference for the six degrees of freedom at the joints. The joints are located on the mid-depth plane in the plate: R2
3 2 1
R3 U3
U2
U1
R1
Similar at each joint
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For a horizontal element ( on that lies in the structure X-Y plane ) the plate element 1-2-3 local coordinates are oriented as shown:
R2
3 2 Z 1
R3 U3
U2 U1
R1
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The pile cap must be subdivided into enough elements so that there is a joint at each location where "something happens": Pile cap corners Pile-to-cap connections Bent column-to-pile-to-cap connection Bent column
Element
Pile cap corner Joint Pile-to-cap connection Column-to-pile-to-cap connection
Pile
Pile
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Thick-plate finite elements ( defined earlier as Pile_cap_plate sections ) will be used to model the 13.0' x 13.0' x 4.0' pile cap. The pile cap will be subdivided as shown, which will results in joints at the following points:
Each of the four corners

Each place where a pile connects to the pile cap The place where the bent column connects to the pile cap
Bent column Z = - 32.25
Pile cap corner
Pile
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The sixteen elements will be drawn in the order shown. The program will insert joints as each element is drawn. Note that additional joints along the boundaries ( ) will be created in addition to the joints needed to connect the bent column and the piles to the pile cap.
Z = - 32.25
Z Y
Note the Number (e.g., 1 ) shown in each element is manually added to show drawing sequence. The program assigns its own element number as each is drawn.
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Draw pile cap in XY plane at Z = -32.25

Use Home tab Rubberband Zoom to enlarge figure
nodes at column bases
grid lines
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Enlarged view of XY plane grid lines at Z = -32.25
Joint at column base
grid lines
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Go to Advanced tab, which opens Draw options
X = 73.5
Y = -2.0
X = 86.5
Grid lines at Z = -32.35
Y = -15.0
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Select Rectangular Area tab and select Area Section
Draw rectangular area
Select Area Section Pile_cap_plate that was defined earlier
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Select first diagonal corner of Pile_cap_plate to begin plate-element drawing sequence
Put cursor pointer on Grid Point and left-click mouse
This box will show as long as plate drawing mode is active
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Use Grid Points to draw the first of 16 plate Area elements
Dotted line appears as cursor is moved until Grid Point is reached
Line added to show element just drawn
Move (not drag) cursor pointer to Grid Point
Left-click mouse this will show joints at the corners of plate element 1 just drawn
Note the Number (e.g., 1 ) shown in each element is manually added to show drawing sequence. The program assigns its own element number as each is drawn.
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Position cursor to draw element 2
Line added to show element just drawn
Move (not drag) the cursor to this Grid Point and left-click mouse
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Draw the second of 16 plate Area elements
Lines added to show previously-drawn element Dotted line appears as cursor is moved until Grid Point is reached
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Draw the third of 16 plate Area elements
Dotted lines added to show previously-drawn elements
3 Left-click mouse this will show joints at the corners of plate element 3 just drawn
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Grid point
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Draw the fourth of 16 plate Area elements
Dotted lines added to show previously-drawn elements
4
Grid point
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First row of elements is now drawn
Dotted lines added to show elements
First row of four elements that will make up the pile cap plate. Note that joints have been inserted at the corners of each element at the grid points.
Outline of pile cap Repeat for three more rows of four elements each
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Draw second row of 4 elements ( elements 5 8 of 16 )
Start
Left-click Left-click
Left-click
Left-click
End
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First and second rows of elements are now drawn
1 Second row of four elements that make up the pile cap plate. Again joints have been inserted at the corners of each element at the grid points.
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Draw third row of 4 elements ( elements 9 12 of 16 )
Start
Left-click Left-click
Left-click
Left-click
End
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First, second, and third rows of elements are now drawn
Third row of four elements that make up the pile cap plate.
10
11
12
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Draw fourth row of 4 elements ( elements 13 16 of 16 )
End Start
Left-click Left-click Left-click
Left-click
Left-click
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Drawing of Area elements that make up pile cap is complete
9 Fourth row of four elements that make up the pile cap plate.
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
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Click arrow symbol to exit drawing mode
Go to Home and turn on Extrude View
Grayed area shows elements just drawn
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Turn off Extrude View and turn on Area Labels
Area Label numbers assigned by the program
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Perspective View Area Labels and Grid Lines turned off
In Display Options uncheck Area Labels Right click View Panel, select Edit Grid Data to turn off grid lines Z = - 32.25
Z = - 32.25
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Turn on Area Labels and Local Axes
Z Y X
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Turn on Extrude View
Labels are not shown in Extrude View
In Display Options check Extrude View
4.0'
Z = - 32.25
Z = - 32.25
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Use Set 3D View to switch to XZ View
XZ view
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XZ plane Extrude View ( Perspective toggled off )
Perspective toggle
Base of column at mid-depth of pile cap Z = -32.25
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Draw the three piles at Y = -13.0
Z = - 32.25
Z = - 47.0
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Switch to XZ View and step to plane at Y = -13
Here, do not use More to set view
Three piles will be draw using these grid lines
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Use Rubberband Zoom to expand the area where the piles will be drawn
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Mid-depth of pile cap Z = -32.25
Three piles will be draw using these three grid lines
Tips of piles Z = -47.0
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Go to Advanced tab, which opens Draw options Select Frame/Cable/Tendon
Select from list
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Draw pile at X = 75.5
Move pointer to grid point at X = 75.5, Y = -13.0, Z = -47.0
Left click to begin drawing
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Left click to complete line Right click to "lift pencil"
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The three piles at Y = -13.0 are complete
Exit drawing mode
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At Home tab Refresh Window to see the piles and nodes just drawn
What's missing?
There are no boundary restraints at the column bases (as shown, columns are free in all d.o.f.)
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Apply a fixed boundary restraint at the base of the column at X = 75.5
Pile
Right click on joint
Flashing red circle
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Double left click
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Restraint symbol added at node
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Repeat for these nodes ( one at a time ) See next page
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Double left click Right click joint
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Piles with boundary restraints completed at Y = -13.0 are complete
Refresh drawing
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Rubberband Zoom this area
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Piles, nodes and boundary restraints at Y = -13.0
Nodes at outer corners of corner plate elements
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Open and select Extrude View
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Base of column and tops of piles at mid-depth of pile cap Z = -32.25 Tips of piles Z = -47.0
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Draw the three piles each at Y = -8.5 and Y = -4.0
Z = - 32.25
Z = - 47.0
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Option 1: In XZ View manually draw piles at Y = -8.5 and Y = -4.0
Y = -8.5
Step to Y = -8.5 and draw three piles and add boundary restraints as previously shown
Y = -4.0 Step to Y = -4.0 and repeat
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Option 2: Replicate the three piles and boundary restraints at Y = -13.0 to Y = -8.5 and Y = -4.0. This can be done in
1.
Two steps:
Replicate three piles at Y = -13.0 to Y = -8.5 in one step, and then replicate the same piles at Y = -13.0 to Y = -4.0 in a separate step
2.
One step:
Replicate three piles at Y = -13.0 to both Y = -8.5 and Y = -4.0 in a single step.
The one-step replication is possible if spacings between the three lines of piles are the same. Here, the spacings between Y = -13 and Y = -8.5 and between Y = -85. and Y = -4.0 are Y = +4.5 . Note that Y is positive because the " Y steps" will be from Y = -13.0 to
Y = -8.5 and then from Y = -8.5 to Y = -4.0.
The one-step replication will be use here.

Show only the footing/pile area
Rubberband Zoom this area
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Select: Three piles, six nodes (at ends of piles), and three boundary restraints
Do not include the plate edge nodes for replication
Use the following four steps to make this selection
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Selection Step 1
Hold left button down Drag mouse to include the pile, plus the joints at the top and bottom of the pile. Note that the plate corner node cannot be avoided. It will be deselected in Step 4.
Node at top of pile
Plate corner node

Drag mouse from left to right Selected area Node at bottom of pile Let left button up
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Selection Step 2
Selection Step 3
Hold left button down Node at top of pile
Hold left button down Node at top of pile
Drag mouse Drag mouse Node at bottom of pile
Selected area Node at bottom of pile
Selected area
Let left button up
Let left button up
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Selection Step 4
Objects to be replicated
Left-click to deselect the plate corner joint
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Replicate 3-pile selection Y = +4.5 twice in one step
Y = +4.5 Y = +4.5
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Replicate completed view in Home tab, Rubberband Zoom
Two rows of piles added Rubberband Zoom
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Perspective Extrude View of selected area
Open and select Extrude View
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Switch to XZ View
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XZ Extrude View ( Perspective turned off )
Perspective toggle
Z X
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Switch to YZ View
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YZ Extrude View ( Perspective turned off )
Perspective toggle
View toward X = 0
Y
Pile rows added by Replicate
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Finish drawing the foundations

Z Y
Z
Y
5.0
17.0
5.0
Y = +17.0
Just completed
Replicate
In Home tab:
Turn off Extrude View , select 3-d View , and Rubberband Zoom to get area shown
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Drag mouse from left to right to select pile cap and piles
Be sure to include the plate node at the far corner of the pile cap. Start selection
End selection
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Selected objects to Replicate
Selected objects: Pile cap (16 finite elements) and nine fixed-base piles
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Replicate selected objects
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Replicated objects note that grid lines are not replicated or expanded
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In Home tab, return to Perspective View
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Switch to Perspective Extrude View
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Switch to YZ Extrude View
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YZ Extrude View
Perspective toggle
Z Y
Z
Y Grid lines
Grid lines
Perspective on
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Perspective off
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The grid lines can now be either deleted or hidden

Delete grid lines .. a bad idea . DON'T DO IT
Right click anywhere in view panel
Delete all
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Hide the grid lines
Right click anywhere in view panel
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The grid lines are still there, but are hidden.

They can be unhidden by the same procedure ( as will be done in Option 3 of this Exercise )
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Foundation drawing completed and the grid has been hidden
Perspective toggle
But.is the foundation part of the Bridge Model?
Perspective on
Perspective off
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In Home tab, Restore Full View ( Perspective ) and turn off Extrude View
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In Bridge tab, Update the Bridge Model to include the foundations
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After the Bridge Model has been updated, switch to the Analysis tab and run an analysis for the DEAD loads
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Analysis complete: Note that the model is Locked.

In order to make any changes in the model it must be Unlocked, which will erase the results of the analysis
The model has deflected, but the deflection is a little hard to see
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In the Home tab, open the Deformed Shape box
The deformed shape has been drawn using a very small default Auto Scaling factor
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Choose a Scale Factor that shows a reasonable deformed shape
The magnitude of the scale factor has no physical significance it is just a relative number
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Extrude View off Extrude View on
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Displacements U1 , U2 , U3 measured in structure X-Y-Z coordinates
Z (U3) Y (U2) X (U1)
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Deflected profile
XZ plane
Z (U3) Deflection reference line X (U1)
Deflection at bent due to elastic shortening of the bent columns and the piles
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Selected vertical deflections
Z (U3)
Move cursor to joint
X (U1)
U3 = -0.0593 in U3 = -0.2957 in
Set units to inches
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157
Longitudinal ( M3 ) moment diagram Entire Bridge
Z Y 2
Structure ("global") coordinate system
X
1
4913 ft-k
3
Member coordinate system for member laid out from X = 0 to X at the end of the bridge 3107 ft-k
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158
Compare DEAD load moment diagrams for two column base options
Option 1 Bent columns fixed at bases Option 2 Bent columns on pile foundations ( column extended to mid-depth of pile cap )
4949 ft-k
4913 ft-k
2997 ft-k
3107 ft-k
Why are they different?

Vertical reactions at tips of piles
If necessary, use Display Options to turn off viewing Restraints
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160
Rubberband Zoom to isolate this footing
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161
Isolated view of pile footing reactions in Y region
Bent column
Right-click on joint
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162
In XZ plane view reactions at each Y position
Use arrows to select Y = - 4.0 ( note that Y position is not shown anywhere on the screen nasty )
Rubberband Zoom
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163
Vertical reactions at Y = - 13.0 ft
X = 75.5
Y = - 13.0
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X = 80.0
X = 84.5
164
X = 75.5
X = 80.0
Y = - 8.5
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X = 84.5
165
X = 75.5
X = 80.0
Y = - 4.0
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X = 84.5
166
Total upward vertical reaction per pile footing
52.47 + 55.05 + 52.39 = 159.9 55.09 + 65.87 + 55.01 = 176.0 52.47 + 55.05 + 52.39 = 159.9 495.8 kips
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Axial force at base of bent column
present view ( whatever it may be )
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168
Display member axial force for Frame Members
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169
Rubberband Zoom to improve resolution
Select Y = - 8.5 ft
Note: Y position not shown!!
Bent column appears when Y = - 8.5'
Rubberband zoom
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170
Axial force near base of bent column ( approximately at top of pile cap )
Axial compression near base of bent column = - 372.0 (4 sig. figures)
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171
Alternate view XZ View ( Rubberband Zoom )
Select Y = - 8.5 ft in XZ view

Note: Y position not shown!!
Axial compression near base of bent column = - 372.0 (4 sig. figures)
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172
Show member axial force diagrams
If necessary, use Display Options to turn off viewing Restraints
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173
Compression forces in piles and in bent column where it connects to the plate element at the mid-depth of the pile cap
Put cursor on joint
Rubberband Zoom
R = 52.47 (earlier slides)
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174
Use Advanced Assign More to clear display of currently-shown results
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175
Pile and cap weights

13.0' x 13.0' 4.0' concrete pile cap Weight of concrete pile cap ( disregard 2.0' steel pipe length extensions into pile cap ): 13.0' x 13.0' x 4.0' x 0.15 k/ft3 = 101.4 kips Weight per pile: 12.75' Core diameter = 13.25" / 12 in/ft = 1.102 ft 1.104 2 2 ft / ft 0.9575 ft 2 / ft Core area per foot = 4 Core weight = 0.9575 ft2/f x 0.15 k/ft3 = 0.1436 k/ft concrete filled 14"-diam steel piles ( 9 total ) steel pipe concrete core tw = 3/8"
( 14 .0 2 13 .25 2 ) in2 0.1115 ft 2 / ft 2 2 4 ( 144 in / ft ) / ft
Pipe area per foot =
Pipe weight = 0.1115 ft2/f x 0.495 k/ft3 = 0.0552 k/ft Pile weight per foot = ( 0.1436 + 0.0552 ) k/ft = 0.1988 k/ft Weight per pile = 0.1988 k/ft x 12.75 ft = 2.535 k/pile
Total pile weight = 2.535 k/pile x 9 piles = 22.8 kips doutside = 14"
Check pile footing vertical equilibrium
Column force near top of pile cap = 372.0 kips (why not use 373.1 kips Slide 176 ??) Pile cap weight = 101.4 kips 496.2 kips downward
Total pile weight = 22.8 kips
Close enough !!
Total reaction = 495.8 kips upward ( Slide 176 )
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177
Save your CSI Bridge .bdb file in two versions:
Save as:
Example2-Two-Equal-Span-Option2.bdb
This is the option just completed in which the two columns bases frame into the pile cap in a pile-cap/piles foundation
Save as:
Example2-Two-Equal-Span-Option3.bdb
This will be the starting point for the next option in which the columns bases are connected to the pile caps by Joint Constraints
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178

Example 2 - Option 2: Bent Columns On Capped Piles: Abutment

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Example 2 - Option 2: Bent Columns On Capped Piles: Abutment

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Example 2 Option 2:

Bent columns on capped piles

Pile cap Abutment

Piles: 14" concrete-filled steel pipe

Details on following slides

railing 8" slab deck 4" 8.25' 6.25' 4.0'

Assumed point of pile fixity (idealized cantilever pile)

Extend the pile to the middepth of the pile cap

Pile cap: 13' x 13' x 4'

X = 80.0' Z=0 Z = -6.083' Z = -8.25'

Z = -6.083' Roller bearing (X = 0, X = 160')

Z = -32.25' 14.75 Z = -47.0'

Units: feet Y = -8.5

bent cap ( frame section )

column ( frame section )

pile cap ( thick-shell element ) Z = - 32.25'

pile ( frame section ) Z = - 47.0'

Extrude view off Extrude view on

Command line tab

Option 1 assumed column bases were "fixed"

Note CSI bridge "fixed boundary" symbol

Recall that in Option 1 the Bent was named Bent_fixed_base

Fixed base support ( all 6 d.o.f. )

Free base support ( all 6 d.o.f. )

See next slide

Column_base_spring ( free in all 6 d.o.f. )

Components command line tab, Item Foundation Springs sub-tab

Create a new Foundation Spring

Define and name Column_base_spring

Create a new Bent ( cap and columns ) and name it Column_free_base

4.0' pile cap and piles will be added later

Z = -32.25' free end of column ( represented by Column_base_spring )

Components command line tab, Item Bents sub-tab

Symbol for fixed reaction at base of column for Bent_fixed_base

Replace Bent_fixed_base with Bent_free_base in the Bridge Model

Update model to complete replacing Bent_fixed_base with Bent_free_base

No base reaction symbol is shown at a reaction point that is free ( Bent_free_base )

CSI Bridge has no built-in Frame Sections of this type.

Concrete: fc' = 4 ksi

Assuming current units: kips, ft, F

Complete creating Conc_filled_pipe_pile

Complete Pile_cap_plate definition

Verify units: Kip, ft, F

Bridge is now ready for adding pile/cap foundation

Redefined bent: Bent_free_base

New component definitions added:

View in +Y direction ( section thru Y = - 8.5 )

View in +X direction ( section thru X = 80 ) Z=0

Components, nodes and grid lines.

Nodes ( "joints" ) and grid lines

Y = -2.0 , -4.0 , -8.5 , -13.0 , -15.0 Z = -8.25 , -32.25 , - 47.0

View joints ( "nodes" ) created by CSI Bridge

Check to turn on Joint Labels

Typical joint and label

Drag Rubberband Zoom cursor to capture region to be zoomed-in on

Region enclosed with Rubberband Zoom expanded to full view window

Repeat Rubberband Zoom to zoom in further

Return to full-size view

Restored full view

Turn off Joint Labels, but leave Joints showing

View default grid lines created by CSI Bridge

Can be in any heading ( Home show here )