Are you using the right CT's and PT's for your application?

John Levine, P.E. Levine Lectronics and Lectric E- ail! John"L-#.co $E %ultilin & 'nstru ent Transfor ers, 'nc.
1

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

Alternate Title of Presentation

(o) ' *no) )hat ' do not *no) a+out CT,s and PT,s.
As engineers )e do not need to *no) all the ans)ers -ust )here to get the .

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

Current . /oltage Transfor er 0asics 1'EEE 2tandards3

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

Agenda
Current Transfor ers /oltage Transfor ers 4e5uired 'nfor ation for 2pecifying CTs . /Ts Ta*e 6o e 4ules7 for CTs . /Ts Applications )here used

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

8hy use 'nstru ent Transfor ers?

Circuit 'solation 4educe voltage and currents to reasona+le )or*ing levels. Phasor co +inations for su ing and easuring po)er
5

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
TYPES OF C.T. CONSTRUCTION The ost co on type of C.T. construction is the DOUGHNUT type. 't is constructed of an iron toroid, )hich for s the core of the transfor er, and is )ound )ith secondary turns.

Secondary Winding

Primary Conductor

Iron Core

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

Transfor er ratio 1T43

Transfor er 4atio < Pri ary Current ===================== 2econdary Current

Pri ary Current 19:: a ps3

2econdary Current 1; a ps3

9:: === < 9::!; or >:!9 ;

7

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

Polarity
irection of Primary !urrent Primary IEEE Polarity IE! Mar(s
H1 P1 X1 S1

irection of "econ#ary !urrent IEEE "econ#ary IE! Polarity Mar(s

)emem*er+ Primary current into $%olarity& ' "econ#ary current out of $%olarity&
8

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

Polarity
X1 S1

irection of "econ#ary !urrent IEEE "econ#ary IE! Polarity Mar(s

Primary IEEE Polarity IE! Mar(s

H1 P1

)emem*er+ Primary current into $non-%olarity& ' "econ#ary current out of $non,

irection of Primary !urrent

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

Generator ty%ical /irin0

1.

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

8hat is your application?

'f your application is etering , ho) high do ' need to go in current? > ti es ? 'f your application is protective relaying, ho) high do ' need to go in current? >: ti es ? ?: ti es ?

11

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

!T )atin0 1actor 2)13 -- IEEE

)ate# current 4 2)13 ' Ma4imum continuous current carryin0 ca%a*ility+ 5it6out e4cee#in0 tem%erature limits 5it6out loss of %u*lis6e# accuracy class Ty%ical ratin0 factors for Meterin0 !Ts are+
12

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

T )atin0 1actor 2)13 -- IEEE

..6.

IEEE !57.13 7ccuracy ..38 9 :;.; )1 4..

..68 7ccurac y )e0ion 1.8 1..8

7ccuracy !lass - 8

..3.

..38 7ccuracy )e0ion 2..8 3..8 4..8

..3.

..6. 1.. 2.. 3.. 4..

13

)atin0 1actor

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

"6ort-Time T6ermal !urrent )atin0

<ne 213 = secon# t6ermal ratin0 E4%resse# as >alue of )M" %rimary current Main influencin0 factor+ !T %rimary ? secon#ary /ire si@e !an *e con>erte# to t6ermal ratin0 for any time %erio# 2t3 u% to fi>e 253 secon#s+ 2Ae/ )1 at ne/ 7m*ientB"tate# )1 at 3. #e0rees !32' 85-Ae/ 7m*ientBAe/ 7m*ient E4am%le+ !T /it6 ratin0 factor of 4 at 3. #e0rees ' ratin0 factor of 2.,5 at 55 #e0rees ;2B42'85-55B55 ;'2.,5
14

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

!T Meterin0 7ccuracy
Actual secon#ary current

'

Rated secon#ary current

ifference in 8 is (no/n as t6e Accuracy of t6e !T

15

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

EEE !T Meterin0 7ccuracy

7ccuracy !lass 2 C 3 ..15 7%%lication Di06 7ccuracy Meterin0

..15" $"%ecial& Di06 7ccuracy Meterin0 ..3 ..6 1.2 )e>enue Meterin0 In#icatin0 Instruments In#icatin0 Instruments
16

C 7ll accuracy classes #efine# *y IEEE !57.13 or !57.13.6 C 7ccuracy classes inclu#e *ot6 ratio ? %6ase an0le error
GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

EEE !T Meterin0 7ccuracy

:ur#en
Eoa# connecte# to !T secon#ary Inclu#es #e>ices ? connectin0 lea#s E4%resse# in o6ms "tan#ar# >alues ' :..1, :..2, :..5, :..,, :1.8 E...4, E..2
7ll *ur#ens #efine# *y IEEE !57.13 or !57.13.6 for 6. D@ only
17

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

EEE !T Meterin0 7ccuracy

"tan#ar# IEEE !T :ur#ens 25 7m%3 2Per IEEE "t#. !57.13-1,,3 ? !57.13.63 Application Burden Impedance
Designation #etering B$%& B$%' B$% B$%( B&%) +$%' +$%$* (Ohms) $%& $%' $% $%( &%) $%' $%$*

VA @ amps '% &'% ''% * &

Po!er "actor $%( $%( $%( $%( $%( &%$ &%$

18

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

CT CLASSIFICATION for Metering A current trans,ormer ,or metering purposes may typically ha-e an accuracy o, $%./% 0he C%0% must maintain this accuracy ,or normal load currents1 pro-ided the rated 2urden on the C%0% is not e3ceeded% It is 4uite accepta2le1 and in ,act desira2le1 ,or the C%0% to saturate !hen ,ault current ,lo!s% 0he accuracy ,or a typical metering C%0% is speci,ied as5 0.3 M 0.9 O.3% METERING O.9 OHMS BURDEN
1,

0his metering C%0% has an accuracy o, $%./ !hen the GE Multilin connected 2urden does not e3ceed $%( O6#S% Instrument Transformers, Inc.

EEE !T Meterin0 7ccuracy

$7ccuracy& e4%resse# as+
7ccuracy !lassF :ur#en 2..3, ..6, 1.23 2C3 2<6ms3
2..15C, ..15"G3 2:..1, :..2, :..5, :..,, :1.83 E..2, E...43 Ty%ical E4am%les

' ..3:..2

..6:.., 1.2:1.8 ..15E..2

C 7ccuracy class is state# at 1..8 rate# current C 7t 1.8 rate# current, t/ice t6e error is allo/e# 258 for ..15 class3 class is state# at 1..8 to 58 rate# current G 7ccuracy
2.

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

EEE !T Meterin0 7ccuracy

..6.

IEEE !57.13 7ccuracy ..3 9 :;.;H )1 4..

..68 7ccurac y)e0ion

7ccuracy !lass - 8

..3.

..38 7ccuracy )e0ion 2..8 3..8 4..8

1.8 ..3.

1..8

..6.

Ao accuracy 0uarantee# at current le>els less t6an 1.8 1.. 2.. 3.. 4..
21

)atin0 1actor

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

EEE !T Meterin0 7ccuracy

!T Parallelo0ram = IEEE !57.13
..3 class %arallelo0ram 1..8 ..6 class %arallelo0ram Aote+ :ur#en must *e s%ecifie# 1.8

!orrecte# to ..38 !lass

23

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

EEE !T )elay 7ccuracy

otection !T

tan#ar# )elay 7ccuracy !lasses

! or T1.. ! or T2.. ! or T4.. ! or T8..
26

56at #o t6ese meanI

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

EEE !T )elay 7ccuracy

)elay class 2! or TJJJ 3 #esi0nates minimum secon#ary terminal >oltsK 7t 2. times rate# current 5it6out e4cee#in0 1.8 ratio error Into a ma4imum s%ecifie# *ur#en
Now that everyone is totally confused GE Multilin lets look at some simple Instrument Transformers, Inc. examples
27

CT CLASSIFICATION for RELA ING

#rote$tion C%&'' CT(' ) M*'t '*++%, -0 ti.e' r&te/ $*rrent

@or at

!0 C "00

Accuracy

Letter

/oltage at >: ti es CT

0 7 Determined 2y test C 7 Calculated 8 7 Calculated 9 7 9o! internal secondary impedance 6 7 6igh internal secondary impedance

28

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

IEEE !T )elay 7ccuracy

Terminal Lolts ' 1..
;1 ;2

! or T1.. e4am%le
"econ#ary current 1.. am%s 22. 4 53 :ur#en of e>ices 2 3

Primary current Total E4t 24,... am%s :ur#en 22. 4 12..3 1.. !T :ur#en of 12..+5 Eea#s 23 ! or T1.. Terminal Lolts ' 22. times rate#3 2Total e4ternal *ur#en3
2,

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

IEEE !T )elay 7ccuracy

Terminal Lolts ' 2..
;1 ;2

! or T2.. e4am%le
"econ#ary current 1.. am%s 22. 4 53 :ur#en of e>ices 23

Primary current Total E4t 24,... am%s :ur#en 22. 4 12..3 2.. !T :ur#en of 12..+5 Eea#s 23 ! or T2.. Terminal >olts ' 22. times rate#3 2Total e4ternal *ur#en3
3.

2.. Lolts ' 21.. am%s3 22.. 3

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

IEEE !T )elay 7ccuracy

"tan#ar# IEEE !T :ur#ens 25 7m%3
2Per IEEE "t#. !57.13-1,,33
Application :elaying Burden Designation B& B' B* B) Impedance (Ohms) & ' * ) VA @ amps ' $ &$$ '$$ Po!er "actor $% $% $% $%

31

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

IEEE !T )elay 7ccuracy

E4citation cur>e inclu#es >olta0e reMuire# to o>ercome internal resistance 2 !)3 of !T. 7%%ro4imately 32 >olts.

Do/ many terminal >olts /oul# you estimate t6is !T can %ro#uceI

1.8 ratio error ' 22. 4 53 21.83 ' 21..3 2..1.3 ' 1. am%s

32

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

1...+5 !T
1... 7m%s I: O4.5 am%s IEN..5am%s

5am%s

5it6 1.8 error, I: is any/6ere from 4.5 to 5.5 am%s Most Protection !TPs also 6a>e a Meterin0 !T accuracy so you coul# use t6is >alue for calculatin0 t6e error at lo/er currents GE Multilin
33

Instrument Transformers, Inc.

!T :ur#en !alculation
Do/ #o /e calculate t6isI
;1 ;2

"econ#ary current

Primary !urrent !T

:ur#en of e>ices 2 3 :ur#en of Eea#s 23

Total :ur#en QT

34

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

!T :ur#en !alculation
QT ' )!T F )E F Q:
QT ' Total *ur#en in o6ms 2>ector summation of resistance an# in#uctance com%onents3 )!T ' !T secon#ary resistance in o6ms 975 #e0 ! 2 !)3 )E ' )esistance of lea#s in o6ms 2Total loo% #istance3 Q: ' e>ice im%e#ance o6ms 7ssum%tion+ 3 %6ase !Ts are in $R& connecte#
35

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

GE Multilin Electronic )elay :ur#en

/A < /'. /< '4, 2o :.> < 'A'A4. .>&>; < .::B oh s
36

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

9::!; C.T. 2econdary 8inding 4esistance 1CC43 < .:D> oh 4esistance of Ca+le fro C.T. to 4elay and +ac* < .9 oh s

4esistance of 4elay Coil < .:> oh s Total 4esistance < .9B> oh s

.:D> .9

.:>

'f )e have a fault of >,::: a ps and the C.T. ratio is 9::!; then the C.T. secondary current is 9:: a ps. Therefore )e )ill produce a voltage of 9:: a ps E .9B> oh s < 9B.> /olts. To prevent CT saturation, select a CT )ith a *nee point a+ove 9B.> /olts.
37

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

FB:-9:> is a 9::: to ; CT, Class C9:: 9:::!; C.T. 2econdary 8inding 4esistance 1CC43 < .#> oh 4esistance of Ca+le fro C.T. to 4elay and +ac* < .9 oh s

4esistance of 4elay Coil < .::B oh s Total 4esistance < .?>B oh s .32 . 1 'f )e have a fault of >:,::: a ps and the C.T. ratio is 9:::!; then the C.T. secondary current is 9:: a ps. Therefore )e )ill produce a voltage of 9:: a ps E .?>B oh s < ?>.B /olts. To prevent CT saturation, select a CT )ith a *nee point a+ove ?>.B /olts. 8hat happens if the fault current is ?:,::: a ps?
38

...8

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

actors Influencin0 !T 7ccuracy

1reMuency
$Eo/ freMuency& an# $Di06 accuracy& are not frien#sSS

!urrent )atio
$Eo/ ratio& an# $6i06 accuracy& are not frien#sSS

:ur#en
$Di06 *ur#en& an# $Di06 7ccuracy& are not frien#sSS
3,

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

!T "aturation

56at is !T "aturationI

4.

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

Po/er "ystems )elay !ommittee 2P")!3 "aturation !alculator

41

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

1actors 7ffectin0 e0ree of "aturation an# Time to "aturation

! <ffset 1ault Ma0nitu#e 2symmetrical current3
T1.. to 5 !T92. times' 2... am%s, at 2.,... am%s /e 6a>e 2.. times !T

!T Turns )atio "econ#ary :ur#en !T 7ccuracy )emanence 1lu4

T !an occur if current interru%te# /6en core is saturate# T If ! flo/s in /in#in0s #urin0 testin0 42 T Aee# a >olta0e a*o>e 6.8 of (nee %oint to re#uce t6e GE Multilin remanence to less t6an 1.8 of saturation flu4 #ensity. Instrument Transformers, Inc.

%s for 7>oi#in0 !T "aturation

Use 6i06er ratio !Ts Use se%arate set of 6i06 ratio !Ts for 6i06 fault current tri%%in0 )e#uce secon#ary *ur#en "elect lo/ *ur#en relays ? meters istri*ute sin0le %6ase *ur#ens amon0 %6ases Increase si@e of secon#ary lea#s )e#uce len0t6 of secon#ary lea#s Use $ste% #o/n& au4iliary !Ts
43

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

Potential Transformers

44

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

Cefinitions
/oltage Transfor er 1/T3 An instru ent transfor er used to reflect a pri ary voltage into a secondary voltage through a agnetic ediu . Al)ays connected in parallel )ith pri ary conductor across a circuit load. 2econdary 1 easuring3 voltage is usually 99; or 9>: volts no inally. The secondary voltage level is selected for ease of easure ent and safety. Control Po)er Transfor er 1CPT3 Cesigned to provide po)er for contractors, relays and devices )ith high inrush currents, 4egulation is not as critical.

45

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

46

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

#OTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS

0#

9?,?::&9>: < 9>:&9 ?>::&9>: < #;&9 >?::&9>: < >:&9

0'

:elay
47

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

EEE LT 7ccuracy !lass

Meterin0 7ccuracy !lasses 28 error3 ..3 ..6 1.2 ..15 efine# *y IEEE !57.13

7%%lica*le from ,.8 to 11.8 rate# >olta0e efine# *y IEEE !57.13.6

48

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

IEEE LT 7ccuracy !lass

Meterin0 Burden 7ccuracy !lass :ur#ens
W ; # = > >> VA &'% ' . < '$$ *$$ P" $%&$ $%<$ $%'$ $%) $%) $%)
4,

T6ese stan#ar# *ur#en #esi0nations 6a>e no si0nificance at freMuencies ot6er t6an 6. D@.

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

EEE LT 7ccuracy !lass

E4%resse# as+
7ccuracy !lass F :ur#en !o#e ..3 5,;,R ..6 Q 1.2 QQ
T6ese stan#ar# #esi0nations 6a>e no si0nificance at freMuencies ot6er t6an 6. D@.
5.

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

51

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

T Installation Gui#elines
)ate# >olta0e+ o not o%erate a*o>e 11.8

aution+
Eine to 0roun# rate#+ o not connect line to line o not use on un0roun#e# systems /Bo consultin0 factory

)ate# 1reMuency+ o not o%erate *elo/ rate freMuency /Bo consultin0 factory
52

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

EEE LT Grou%s
LT Grou % 1 2 Ao. of :us6in 0 2 2 !onnection Met6o# o%en R-R %ossi*le o%en R-R %ossi*le 3 1 R-R-R 7ny 7ny Aeutral Groun#in0 7ny Aotes 5it6stan# 258 o>er rate# >olta0e on an emer0ency *asis 5it6stan# 1.8 o>er rate# >olta0e continuously. Primary rate# for line to line >olta0e. <ut#oor, t/o secon#ary /in#in0s. 5it6stan# 1.8 o>er rate# >olta0e continuously. 5it6stan# 1.8 o>er rate# >olta0e continuously ? 258 on an emer0ency *asis. 1or o%eration at 1..8 rate# >olta0e. 5it6stan# 1.8 o>er>olta0e continuously. 1or o%eration at 588 rate# >olta0e. <ut#oor. 5it6stan# 4.8 o>er rate# >olta0e for 1 minute an# 1.8 o>er rate# >olta0e 53 continuously GE Multilin
Instrument Transformers, Inc.

47

R-R

Effecti>ely

4:

R-R R-:ro(en !orner

Aoneffecti>ely Effecti>ely

R-R

LT Ty%ical !onnections

<%en elta !onnection 223 ou*le :us6in0 LTs

R = R !onnection 233 "in0le :us6in0 LTs

54

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

)eMuire# Information for "%ecifyin0 !Ts ? LTs

6.

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

!urrent Transformer 2!T3 )1V "%ecification

En>ironment+ "ystem Lolta0e 2(L3 ..6 ..72 3.6 5.. 7.2 8.7 12 15 24 25 34.5 34.5 !T 7%%lication+ imensions+ JJJIn#oor JJJ<ut#oor Po/er 1reMuency 2(L3 4 3 1. 1, 2. 26 28 34 5. 4. 7. 7. JJJMeterin0 :IE 2(L3 1. 4. 6. 6. 75 75 11. 125 125 15. 2.. "tan#ar# 2!6ec( one3 IEEE JJ IE! JJ IE! JJ IEEE JJ IE! JJ IEEE JJ IE! JJ IEEE JJ IE! JJ IEEE JJ IEEE JJ IEEE JJ

JJJProtection JJJ mm JJJJJJ Primary

JJJ Inc6es

Ma4. <utsi#e+ E JJJJJJ 4 5 JJJJJJ 4

!T 5in#o/+ )oun#+ JJJJJJ iameterH )ectan0ular+ E JJJJJJ 4 5 JJJJJJ H :ar+ JJJJJ !urrent )atio+ JJJJJJJ + 5 JJJJJJJ + 1

61

GE Multilin Continued next slide Instrument Transformers, Inc.

!urrent Transformer 2!T3 )1V "%ecification 2!ontinue#3

7ccuracy+ In#ication <nly+ JJJJJ 8, JJJJJL7 2"(i% meterin0 ? %rotection selections3 Meterin0 !lass+ IEEE+ JJJ..3 JJJ..6 JJJ1.2 JJJ2.4 JJJJJJJJ<t6er IE!+ JJJ..2 JJJ..5 JJJ1.. JJJJJJJJ<t6er Meterin0 :ur#en+ IEEE 2<6ms3+ JJJ:..1 JJJ:..2 JJJ:..5 JJJ:.., JJJ:1.8 JJJJJJ<t6er IE! 2L73+ JJJ2.5 JJJ5.. JJJ1. JJJ15 JJJ3. JJJJJJ<t6er Protection !lass+ !JJJJJJ2IEEE3 <%eratin0 1reMuency+ )atin0 1actor+ JJJL7, JJJPJJJ2IE!3

JJJ6.DQ JJJ5.DQ JJJ1.. JJJ1.33 JJJ1.5 JJJ2.. JJJJJJ<t6er

"econ#ary !onnections+ JJJTerminals <uter Insulation+ Insulation !lass+ JJJ"tan#ar#

JJJ24 inc6 lea#s JJJPolyester ta%e

JJJ!otton ta%e ? >arnis6 JJJJJ<t6er

JJJ1.5 .! 2"tan#ar#3

<t6er "%ecial )eMuirements 2#imensional constraints, mountin0 reMuirements, Ketc3+ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

62

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

Lolta0e Transformer 2LT3 )1V "%ecification

En>ironment+ "ystem Lolta0e 2(L3 ..6 ..72 3.6 5.. 7.2 8.7 12 15 24 25 34.5 34.5 JJJIn#oor JJJ<ut#oor :IE 2(L3 1. 4. 6. 6. 75 75 11. 125 125 15. 2.. "tan#ar# 2!6ec( one3 IEEE JJ IE! JJ IE! JJ IEEE JJ IE! JJ IEEE JJ IE! JJ IEEE JJ IE! JJ IEEE JJ IEEE JJ IEEE JJ Po/er 1reMuency 2(L3 4 3 1. 1, 2. 26 28 34 5. 4. 7. 7. JJJ6.DQ JJJ5.DQ

<%eratin0 1reMuency+ 7ccuracy+ IEEE+

JJJ5 JJJ; JJJM JJJR 2Enter ..3, ..6, 1.2, or lea>e *lan(3

JJJQ

JJJQQ JJJ2..L7

JJJJJJJJ<t6er JJJ5..L7

IE!+ JJJ1.L7 JJJ25L7 JJJ5.L7 JJJ1..L7 JJJJJJ<t6er 2Enter ..2, ..5, 1.., or lea>e *lan(3

Continued next slide

63

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

Lolta0e Transformer 2LT3 )1V "%ecification 2!ontinue#3

6ermal )atin0+ JJJJJJJL7 2<%tional3 JJJ1 *us6in0 JJJJJJJJJL7! - P6ase to neutral

rimary Lolta0e+

JJJ2 *us6in0 JJJJJJJJJL7! - P6ase to %6ase JJJ12.L JJJ115L JJJ11.L JJJ1..L JJJ12.B3 JJJ115B3 JJJ11.B3 JJJ1..B3 JJJ<t6er JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJ1., for 8 6ours

econ#ary Lolta0e+

)ate# Lolta0e 1actor 2)L13 21 *us6in0 only3+ JJJ1., for 3.s

JJJ<t6erJJJJJJJJ

uses+ JJJPrimary JJJPrimary JJJ"econ#ary JJJAone 26.. = 72. L3 22.5(L = 15(L3

JJJEi>e %arts only JJJ"/itc60ear "tyle JJJUnfuse#

Aote inte0ral fusin0 not a>aila*le a*o>e 15(L

64

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

Ta(e Dome )ule W 1

Ae>er o%en circuit a current transformer secon#ary /6ile t6e %rimary is !Ts are inten#e# to *e %ro%ortional current #e>ices. Lery 6i06 >olta0es ener0i@e# can result from o%en circuitin0 t6e

secon#ary circuit of an ener0i@e# !T. E>en >ery small %rimary currents can cause #ama0eK !onsult t6e factory if you 6a>e GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc. Muestions.
65

a(e Dome )ule W 2

Ae>er s6ort circuit t6e secon#ary of an ener0i@e# LT
LTs are inten#e# to *e use# as %ro%ortional >olta0e #e>ices. s6ort ama0in0 current /ill result from
66

circuitin0 t6e secon#ary circuit of an ener0i@e#

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

a(e Dome )ule W 3

Meterin0 a%%lications #o not reMuire a $!& class !T
$!& class ratin0s are s%ecifie# for %rotection %ur%oses only. 5it6 some e4ce%tions meterin0 class !Ts are ty%ically smaller an# less e4%ensi>e.

67

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

a(e Dome )ule W 4

!T secon#ary lea#s must *e a##e# to t6e !T *ur#en
Electronic relays usually re%resent >ery little *ur#en to t6e !T secon#ary circuit. In many cases t6e maXor *ur#en is cause# *y t6e !T secon#ary lea#s.

68

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

a(e Dome )ule W 5

Ae>er use a 6. D@ rate# LT on a 5. D@ "ystem
6. D@ LTs may saturate at lo/er freMuencies an# e4cee# tem%erature limitations. LT failure is li(elyKse>ere eMui%ment #ama0e is %ossi*le.

6,

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

a(e Dome )ule W 6

E4ercise caution /6en connectin0 0roun#e# LTs to un0roun#e# systems
Eine to 0roun# >olta0e on any LT may e4cee# t6e %rimary >olta0e ratin0 #urin0 a fault con#itionK LT must *e #esi0ne# for a%%lication.

7.

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

a(e Dome )ule W 7

It is common %ractice to a%%ly 6.. Lolt !T to systems /it6 6i06er >olta0es. T6is %ractice is #one *y %assin0 fully insulate#
con#uctors t6rou06 t6e 5in#o/.
71

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

VUE"TI<A"I

72

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

73

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

74

GE Multilin Instrument Transformers, Inc.

EL "/itc6*oar#s EL Panel*oar#s
Ty%ical !T Mo#els

5 "eries

1,)T

8"D T

75

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