PENJUMLAHAN GAYA

Review

PRINSIP DASAR
Dalam Mekanika

1. Hukum PARALELOGRAM dalam

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
penjumlahan gaya Prinsip TRANSMISIBILITAS Hukum NEWTON 1 Hukum NEWTON 2 Hukum NEWTON 3 Hukum GRAFITASI NEWTON

Sistem Satuan
Four fundamental physical quantities. Length, Time, Mass, Force. We will work with two unit systems in statics: SI & US Customary.

Bagaimana konversi dari SI ke US atau sebaliknya ?

GAYA
Apakah gaya itu ?

PENJUMLAHAN GAYA
1.Analitis 2.Grafis

APPLICATION OF VECTOR ADDITION

There are four concurrent cable forces acting on the bracket. How do you determine the resultant force acting on the bracket ?

Addition of Vectors
Trapezoid rule for vector addition
Triangle rule for vector addition
C B C

Law of cosines, R 2 P 2 Q 2 2 PQ cos B R PQ

Law of sines, sin A sin B sin C Q R A

Vector addition is commutative, PQ Q P Vector subtraction

Sample Problem

SOLUTION:

Trigonometric solution - use the triangle rule for vector addition in conjunction with the law of cosines and law of sines to find the resultant.
The two forces act on a bolt at A. Determine their resultant.

Sample Problem (cont)

Trigonometric solution - Apply the triangle rule. From the Law of Cosines,

R 2 P 2 Q 2 2 PQ cos B 40 N 2 60 N 2 240 N 60 N cos155

R 97.73N

From the Law of Sines,

sin A sin B Q R sin A sin B Q R

60 N sin 155 97.73 N A 15.04 20 A 35.04

ADDITION OF SEVERAL VECTORS

Step 1 is to resolve each force into its components Step 2 is to add all the x components together and add all the y components together. These two totals become the resultant vector. Step 3 is to find the magnitude and angle of the resultant vector.

Example of this process,

You can also represent a 2-D vector with a magnitude and angle.

EXAMPLE Given: Three concurrent forces acting on a bracket. Find: The magnitude and angle of the resultant force.

Plan:
a) Resolve the forces in their x-y components. b) Add the respective components to get the resultant vector. c) Find magnitude and angle from the resultant components.

EXAMPLE (continued)

F1 = { 15 sin 40 i + 15 cos 40 j } kN
= { 9.642 i + 11.49 j } kN F2 = { -(12/13)26 i + (5/13)26 j } kN = { -24 i + 10 j } kN F3 = { 36 cos 30 i 36 sin 30 j } kN = { 31.18 i 18 j } kN

EXAMPLE (continued) Summing up all the i and j components respectively, we get, FR = { (9.642 24 + 31.18) i + (11.49 + 10 18) j } kN = { 16.82 i + 3.49 j } kN y FR = ((16.82)2 + (3.49)2)1/2 = 17.2 kN = tan-1(3.49/16.82) = 11.7 x

FR

Sample Problem
SOLUTION: Resolve each force into rectangular components. Determine the components of the resultant by adding the corresponding force components. Four forces act on bolt A as shown. Determine the resultant of the force on the bolt. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the resultant.

Sample Problem (cont)

SOLUTION: Resolve each force into rectangular components. force mag x comp y comp 129.9 75.0 F1 150 27.4 75.2 F2 80 110.0 F3 110 0 96.6 25.9 F4 100 R x 199.1 R y 14.3 Determine the components of the resultant by adding the corresponding force components. Calculate the magnitude and direction. R y 14.3 N tan 4.1 4.1 Rx 199.1 N

14.3 N R 199.6 N sin

READING QUIZ
1. The subject of mechanics deals with what happens to a body when ______ is / are applied to it.

A) magnetic field
D) neutrons

B) heat
E) lasers

C) forces

2. ________________ still remains the basis of most of todays engineering sciences. A) Newtonian Mechanics B) Relativistic Mechanics

C) Euclidean Mechanics

C) Greek Mechanics

READING QUIZ
3. Which one of the following is a scalar quantity? A) Force B) Position C) Mass D) Velocity

4. For vector addition you have to use ______ law. A) Newtons Second B) the arithmetic C) Pascals

D) the parallelogram

CONCEPT QUIZ
5. Can you resolve a 2-D vector along two directions, which are not at 90 to each other? A) Yes, but not uniquely. B) No. C) Yes, uniquely.

6. Can you resolve a 2-D vector along three directions (say at 0, 60, and 120)? A) Yes, but not uniquely. B) No. C) Yes, uniquely.

ATTENTION QUIZ
7. Resolve F along x and y axes and write it in vector form. F = { ___________ } N y A) 80 cos (30) i - 80 sin (30) j B) 80 sin (30) i + 80 cos (30) j C) 80 sin (30) i - 80 cos (30) j D) 80 cos (30) i + 80 sin (30) j 30 F = 80 N

8. Determine the magnitude of the resultant (F1 + F2) force in N when F1 = { 10 i + 20 j } N and F2 = { 20 i + 20 j } N . A) 30 N D) 60 N B) 40 N E) 70 N C) 50 N