Insulation And Insulating Materials

MOHD REZA KHAN

PGDIP/MAR-13/58PT/28
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Insulation And Insulating Materials

Insulation
What

is Insulation

Material that retards or prevents the progression or transmission of electricity heat, moisture, shock, or sound from one item or medium to another.

Insulation And Insulating Materials

Purpose of insulation:
o o o o Energy Saver To maintain process condition For personnel protection To retard heat transfer

Insulation And Insulating Materials

Various types of insulation
1. 2. 3.

Cold Insulation Ambient Insulation Hot Insulation above

<10C) 10 C-60C 60C-450C and

Insulation And Insulating Materials

Fundamentals of heat transfer:
Conduction Transfer of heat energy within a body or between two bodies in physical contact. Convection : The transfer of heat by movement of parts of a fluid within the fluid , because of difference in the density , due to difference in temperature of the parts of the fluid.

Radiation: The transfer of heat energy from a high temperature body , through space , to another lower temperature body .
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Insulation And Insulating Materials

o First law of thermodynamics: Energy can neither be created nor destroyed . It can only change form. First law of thermodynamics can not be proved mathematically but no process in the nature is known to have violated the first law. o Second law of thermodynamics: It is impossible to construct a device that operates in a cycle and converts all amount of heat into work, while exchanging heat with a single source.
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Insulation And Insulating Materials

Heat: Heat is defined as the form of energy that is transferred between two systems , or a system and its surrounding , by virtue of temperature difference. Heat transfer to a system is positive , and heat transfer from a system is considered ve.

Insulation And Insulating Materials

Thermal conductivity : Thermal Conductivity of a substance determines the quantity of heat passing per unit area at a temp. drop of 1 C per unit length. o Basically it is ability to transfer heat 1 Kcal / hr. m. C = 1.163 W/m K In SI Unit : Q is in J/sec or watt , Therefore unit of k = [( J/sec)/m2] . m/K or W/mK

Insulation And Insulating Materials

Properties Of Thermal Conductivity:

o It differs with each substance. o It depends on structure and other physical properties. o It depends upon temperature. .

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Insulation And Insulating Materials

Thermal conductivity of various materials at 0C :
Metals Ag Cu Al Ni Fe Carbon Steel Lead Cr-Ni Steel K in W/mK 410 385 202 93 73 43 35 16

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Insulation And Insulating Materials

Conductivity: For most pure metals it decreases with increasing temperature.

For gases & insulating material, it increases with rise in temperature.

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Insulation And Insulating Materials

Insulating Material

Various insulating material pop Cotton Puf(foam) Glass wool Mineral wool

Plastic

Wood cont.
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Insulation And Insulating Materials

Rubber
Sag wool EPS(Expandable Polystyrene ) Bricks Silicon Paper Asbestos Teflon/nylon

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Insulation And Insulating Materials

Conductivity- Non metallic solids:

Non-metals K in W/mK Quartz Magnesite Marble Sandstone Glass ( window) Maple/ Oak Sawdust Glass Wool

41.6 4.15 2.08 1.83 0.78 0.17 0.059 0.038

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Insulation And Insulating Materials

Liquids Liquids Mercury Water Ammonia Freon Gases Gases Hydrogen He Air Water Vapour CO2

K in W/mK 8.21 0.536 0.54 0.073

K in W/mK 0.175 0.141 0.024 0.0206 0.0146

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Insulation And Insulating Materials

Various forms of insulation material: o o o o o Loose fill Blankets Moulded blocks Sheets Bricks/Blocks

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Insulation And Insulating Materials

o Physical properties of insulating material: Depending upon application / uses following physical properties of insulating material should be considered: Density Compressive strength Flexibility Moldability Moisture absorption Aging Effect of temp. Flammability Ease of application
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Insulation And Insulating Materials

Properties of some common insulating material: EPS/PUF : Good for cold insulation, moldable, but highly inflammable.

Mineral wool: Good for ambient temperature / high temperature application , non inflammable.
Refractory / Ceramic : Good for very high temp., high compressive strength, no moisture absorption.

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Insulation And Insulating Materials

Method of application of insulating material Cold Insulation Hot insulation
Clean Surface Bitumen Primer Vapour Barrier ( Like Glass cloth/ plastic film) Wooden battens EPS slabs - Ist layer EPS slabs - IInd layer Bitumen seal coat Wire netting Sand / Cement plaster Clean surface Anticorrosive / heat resistance painting Apply glass wool / mineral wool Wire bands Wire mesh netting Al sheet cladding

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Insulation And Insulating Materials

Design parameters for insulation system: Controlling heat loss from hot piping Providing personal protection Providing personal comfort in commercial building Reducing heat gain by cold piping Reducing surface condensation Economic optimization of energy conservation

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Insulation And Insulating Materials

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Insulation And Insulating Materials

Selection of Insulating Material

Following are the steps in selection of insulation material / system:

Select design criteria Specify inside / outside temperature Specify insulation material Find optimum insulation thickness Specify application techniques Finalize complete insulation system
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Insulation And Insulating Materials

Optimum Thickness of Insulation

Cost of insulation increases with increased of thickness Cost of heat loss decreases with increase in insulation

thickness There will be a optimum thickness where further increase does not have sufficient heat to justify the cost

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Thank You

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