CONDITIONAL SENTENCES & WISHES

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Overview of basic verb forms used In conditional sentences. True in Present. Untrue (contrary to fact) in the present or future. Untrue (contrary to fact) in the past. Using progressive verb forms in conditional sentences. Omitting IF. Verb form following wish.

Imagine there's no heaven It's easy if you try No hell below us Above us only sky Imagine all the people Living for today.

John Lennon (1940 - 1980) British rock musician.

No. 0th

FORMS IF + PRESENT TENSE, + PRESENT TENSE

USAGES

instructions, (if: whenever/ every time) advice, If you borrow money, you pay interest to the bank. suggestions, We are very happy if you come. judgments Spend time on exercising if you dont want to spend it on seeing your doctors. IF + PRESENT, WILL+ INFINITIVE real plans, (In If-clause it is possible to use other present tenses . In main clause it is possibilities possible to use other modals: MAY, CAN, MUST, etc.) If I see Peter tomorrow, I will invite him to the party. If its still raining, he must be really wet by now. If hes missed the train, he may be late. IF + PAST TENSE, WOULD + INFINITIVE imaginary or (In main clause it is possible to use other modals: MIGHT, COULD, etc.) unreal If I had a years holiday, I would travel round the world. present If we spent more time studying, we might get a really good mark. They could be rich if they won lottery. IF + PAST PERFECT TENSE, WOULD + PERFECT imaginary or (In main clause it is possible to use other modals: MIGHT, COULD, etc.) unreal past If I had had a years holiday, I would have travelled round the world. If we had spent more time studying, we might have got a really good mark. We would have had a lot of fun if you had come with us last night.

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1. Overview of basic verb forms used In conditional sentences.

Types Possible Conditions

Tenses Present Future Present Future

IF-CLAUSE If Sb DOES sth If Sb DID sth (to be with WERE)

MAIN CLAUSE Sb else WILL SHALL DO sth else

Impossible Conditions

Sb else WOULD DO sth else SHOULD COULD MIGHT Sb else WOULD HAVE DONE sth else SHOULD COULD MIGHT

Past

If Sb HAD DONE sth

2. True in Present. True & factual ideas in the present / future

IF-CLAUSE Present MAIN CLAUSE Simple Present Simple future Modals: SHOULD, MIGHT, CAN, BE GOING TO,

1. If I don't eat breakfast 2. If the temperature reaches 0C 3. If it rains

I always get/ will get hungry Water freezes/ will freeze We should stay at home. I might decide to stay at home. we can't go. Were going to stay at home.

3. Untrue (contrary to fact) in the present or future.

IF-CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE

Past
If I were the Prime Minister If I were a bird If I had enough money If I knew him clearly

WERE Modals: WOULD, COULD

I would build more schools and hospitals. I would be a white pigeon. I could buy an expensive car. I couldn't ask silly questions.

4. Untrue (contrary to fact) in the past.

IF-CLAUSE Past perfect If he had known that I got married If you had had money If she had come MAIN CLAUSE WOULD/ COULD HAVE DONE Oh dear, would he have been sad? Would you have bought a car? I would have had a lot of fun.

5. Using progressive verb forms in conditional sentences.

TRUE CONDITIONAL

It is raining right now, so I will not go for a walk

I am not living in Chile. I am not working at a bank.

If It were not raining right now, I would go for a walk

If I were living in Chile, I would be working at a bank.

It was raining yesterday afternoon, so If It had not been raining yesterday I did not go for a walk. afternoon, I would have gone for a walk.
I was not living in Chile last year. I was not working at a bank. If I had been living in Chile last year. I would have been working at a bank.

6. Omitting IF. With WERE, HAD & SHOULD

THE ORIGINAL If I were you, I would not do that. If anyone should call, please take the message. OMITTING IF Were I you, I would not do that Should anyone call, please take the message.

If I had known, I would have told you Had I known, I would have told you

Verb form following WISH.

TRUE STATEMENT FUTU RE VERB FORM FOLLOWING WISH

She will not tell me. I wish she would tell me. He is not going to be here. I wish he were going to be here. She cannot come I wish she could come tomorrow. tomorrow. I don't know French. It is raining right now. I can't speak Japanese. John didn't come. Mary couldn't come. I wish I knew French. I wish It weren't raining right now. I wish I could speak Japanese. I wish John had come. I wish Mary could have come.

PRES ENT PAST

EXERCISES
A. Complete these sentences with your own ideas B. IF, UNLESS, INCASE

I.

What is the difference in meaning?

Ill stay here if your sister phone. (If

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2. 3. 4.

I will be very happy if I have a good job. ________________________________ 1. My mother will be furious with me if __________________________ I dont study well at school. He will be disappointed if ________________________________ he doesnt have any good chances in life. 2. If they have time this weekend, ________________________________ they will come here.

she phones the speaker will stay.) wont stay.)

Ill stay here unless you sister phone. (If she phones the speaker Ill take a coat if the weather is bad. (The speaker will only take a

coat if the weather is bad.)

Ill take a coat in case the weather is bad. (The speaker is going to

take a coat as a precaution.)

II. Rewrite the following sentences using UNLESS or IN CASE Example: Only phone me at work if its a real emergency.

Dont phone me at work unless its a real emergency.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

We cant go out tonight if we cant find a babysitter. We cant go out tonight unless we find a babysitter. __________________________________________________________________ We need to insure the car because something might go wrong. We need to insure the car in case something goes wrong. __________________________________________________________________ If she doesnt apologize, I wont talk to her again. Unless she apologizes, I wont talk to her again. __________________________________________________________________ Well leave you a contact number because you might want to phone us. Well leave you a contact number in case you want to phone us. __________________________________________________________________ Ill take some cash because I might want to buy something. __________________________________________________________________ Ill take some cash in case I want to buy something. Michael will do well in the exam if the questions arent too difficult. Michael will do well in the exam unless the questions are difficult. __________________________________________________________________

Give pessimistic outlooks on life!!!

A: Im having a barbecue next Saturday. B: It wont be much fun unless the weather improves. A: Were going to have a big party at the end of term. B: Yes, but what will you do if nobody wants to come?

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Im taking my driving test next Friday, and my instructor says hes sure that Ill pass. ___________________________________________________________________________ Oh, but what will you do if your car breaks down? __________________________________ Im really excited. My father got a good job in Australia and were moving there next month. Really! What will happen if your father is ill? ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________ My brother really pleased. He got an interview for a job with a film company next week. Interesting, but it wont be good if the company changes their mind. ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________ Ive had some great news. Im going on a sailing holiday this autumn. ___________________________________________________________________________ Yes, it wont be great unless you have enough money. __________________________________ Ive found a second-hand car to buy and its really cheap, too. Congratulation, remember to take the chance as quickly as possible in case the ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________ cars owner changes his mind.

1. If I had her number I would give it to you. 2. I would change the laws if I were the Prime Minister. 3. you would have a lot more money if you didnt spend so much on clothes. 4. I would apply for that job if I could speak Italian. Crazy.

IF I WERE A FLOWER I WOULD BE A SUNFLOWER