STOICHIOMETRY

The M ol e & M olar

Mass
A mole of any substance
contains the same
number of elementary
particles as there are
atoms in exactly 12
grams of the 12C isotope.
I.e.
 In one mole, there are
6.022 x 1023 atoms.
 Here's another way:
there are 6.022 x 1023

atoms of carbon in 12
grams of carbon-12.
Let's say that
clearly:
one mole of
ANYTHING
contains 6.022 x
10 entities.
23
The term entity can be
applied to any particle:
An atom,
an ion,
an electron, or
a molecule.
6.022 x 10 23

is called
Av og adr o' s
Num be r
and has the symbol
N and a unit mol -1
For example:
 One mole of H2O contains 6.022 x 1023
molecules
 One mole of nails contains 6.022 x 1023 nails
 One mole of Fe contains 6.022 x 1023 atoms
 One mole of electrons contains 6.022 x 1023
electrons
 One mole of SS 2 students contains 6.022 x
1023 poor, suffering (I mean happy, joyful)
science students
Get the idea?
Molar Mass
When we weigh one
mole of a substance on
a balance, this is called
a "molar mass" and has
the units g/mol (grams
per mole).
NOTE
A molar mass is the weight in
grams of one mole.
One mole contains 6.022 x 1023
entities.
 Therefore, a molar mass is
the mass in grams of 6.022 x
1023 entities.
Calculate molar
mass?
Just calculate the
molecular weight and
put the unit "g/mol"
after the number.
Period!
 QUIZ
Calculate the molar
mass of Al(NO3)3
[Al = 27, N = 14, O = 16]
Answer:

213.00 g/mol
Practice Problems
calculate the mass of one
mole for the following:
 CO2
 CuCO3
 Ca(C2H3O2)2
 CaCO3
 Mol e
Con version s

Mass of the substance

Mole of a substance =
Molar mass of the substance
 Example
calculate how
many grams are in
0.700 moles of
H2O2? [H2O2 = 34]
 Soln:
Given: 0.70 moles
Molar mass of H2O2 = 34gmol-1
Problem: Mass = ?
mole = mass
Molar mass
i.e. mass = mole x molar mass
0.7 x 34 = 23.8 grams
Practice Problems

Calculate the grams present in:

 0.200 moles of H2S [H2S = 34]
 3.40 x 10-5 moles of Na2CO3
[Na2CO3 =106]
Answers
(1) 6.82 gram
(2) 3.60 x 10-3 gram
Calculating the Mass of One
Molecule
When calculating the mass of one
molecule, do the following:
2. Calculate the molar mass of the
substance
3. Divide it by Avogadro's Number
[ check slide 7]
a molar mass is the mass (in
grams) of 6.022 x 1023
molecules.
Can you remember?
Now let’s go
What is the mass of one molecule
of H2O?
Use slide7:
6.022 x 1023 molecules of water weigh 18g
1 molecule will weigh X
molar mass
X = 1 x 18 Avogadro's Number
6.022 x 1023
= 2.992 x 10-23 grams
Calculate the mass (in grams)
of one molecule of CH3COOH

[CH3COOH = 60.06
g/mol.]
60.06 g/mol ÷
6.022 x 10 mol 23 -1

 = 9.973 x 10-23 g
Practice Problems
 Calculate the mass (in
grams) for one molecule of:
PCl5
F 2
CH4
How Many Atoms or
Molecules?
Recall
one mole of ANYTHING
contains 6.022 x 10
23

entities.
Again let’s go
 Example #1: 0.450 mole of Fe contains how many
atoms?
 Soln
 1 mole of Fe contains 6.02 X 1023 atoms
 0.45 mole will contain 0.45 mol X 6.02 X 1023 atoms
 1 mole
 = 2.71 X 1023 atoms
 Alternatively, use the
graphic below:

DO It Yours elf . You can

Do It!
One More Example
Example #2: 0.450 gram of Fe
contains how many atoms? [ Fe
=56]
Soln
Can u use the graphic and do it
yourselves?
Try and let’s see!
Step One: 0.450 g divided by 55.85
g/mol = 0.00806 mol
Step Two: 0.00806 mol x 6.022 x
Prac tic e Prob lem s
 Calculate the number of molecules
in1.058 mole of H2O
 Calculate the number of atoms in 0.750
mole of Fe
 Calculate the number of molecules
in1.058 gram of H2O
 Calculate the number of atoms in 0.750
gram of Fe
[Fe = 56, H = 1, O = 16]
T ha t’s ju st it

Hamid Waas’i
2009