Professional Documents
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‘medical’ interest
Richard A. Squires
Lecture 1 of 3
17 Aug 09
We are not going to
consider the bone
marrow
at this stage…
From: Ettinger & Feldman Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine –
Diseases of the Dog and Cat. 6th Edition. Chapter 279.
Associated Clinical Problems
• Lameness: owners wont notice lameness if bilat
symetrical/all 4. Will notice discomfort, getting up slowly
• Exercise intolerance: sometimes think CHF,
then its bone
• Bone pain: Elicit pain when pressing on bone
many of the bone diseases
• Fever: inflammatory going into multiple
organ failure and die
• Pathological fractures: secondary to weakness
of bone leading to it breaking
• Deformity / Small stature: swellings at
metaphysis; varus/valgus; small stature
From: Ettinger & Feldman Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine –
Diseases of the Dog and Cat. 6th Edition. Chapter 279.
Andrew will cover bone
disorders associated with
angular and other
obvious deformities…
• Metaphyseal osteopathy
• Craniomandibular osteopathy
• Secondary hypertrophic
osteopathy
– Maries Dz periosteal new bone formation
• Hypervitaminosis A CATS
• Various inherited disorders
Some others…
• Bone cysts
• Bone infarcts
• Multiple cartilaginous exostoses
• Others
DAMNIT-V
Bone disorders can be
confused with…
• Disorders of joints
• Disorders of muscles
• Neurological disorders
• Duration / Onset
• Intensity / Progression
– Intermittent
– Constant
– Shifting shifts from leg to leg (lameness)
– Worsening bone cancers get worse over
time
• Radiology
• Computed tomography
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Nuclear imaging
From: Ettinger & Feldman Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine – Diseases of the Dog and Cat. 6th Edition. Chapter 279.
Haematology /
Serum biochemistry
• Leukogram
• Anaemia of inflammatory disease
– Can happen quickly
• Calcium
– Ionized Ca in blood drops detected and PTH
pumped out to bring isonized Ca back to normal
– Hypercalcemic : some bone tumours release Ca into
system
• Phosphorus
• Alkaline phosphatase : normally higher in adult
in large breed dogs growing quickly
• Globulin
– Multiple myeloma can prod immunoglobulin light
+/- Other blood tests
• Ionized calcium
• PTH / PTHrP
• Vitamin D metabolites
• Serum protein electrophoresis
• FeLV / FIV
Bone biopsy /
histopathology
• Can achieve definitive diagnosis
• Grading of some tumours helps with
prognostication
– How aggressive it looks
– Some tumours grading can give Px
idiopathic
• Genetic predisposition,
certainly.
– Viral (CDV)?
– Dietary?
DAMN IT-
V
Neoplastic, nutritional
DAM NIT-
V
Neoplastic, nutritional
Nutritional
secondary
hyperparathyroi
dism