Inlets

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Inlets
It is the most critical heated zone where the sample must be
introduced as a vapor into the carrier gas stream.

The most common

Inlets are

Injection Ports Sampling Valves

Operating Procedures
Liquid samples, in micro-liter volume, are usually injected by a special
syringe through a silicon rapper septum onto the heated block, the
sample is vaporized '' and carried into the column by the carrier gas stream.

As for gas samples, the injector may be used, but only for qualitative
analyses not for quantitative analyses, a special gas tight syringe is used
for such a kind of this analysis. For quantitative identifications, a Gas
Sample Valve (GSV) must be used.

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 A. Injection Ports
(a) Handle gas or liquid samples.
(b) Often heated to vaporize liquid
samples.
(c) The design and choice of injection ports

depends on the column

Diameter Type

Note
: Liquid or gas syringes are used to inject the sample through a septum into the
carrier gas stream.

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Inlet Types

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Inlet Types

Note
There are four injection modes:
(a) Split Mode Major component analysis (High Concentration)

(b) Splitless Mode Trace component analysis (Low Concentration)

(c) Pulsed-Split Mode Allows larger injection volume

(d) Pulsed-SplitlessMode Allows larger injection volume

Faster sample transfer to column
Less breakdown/Adsorption
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Split/Splitless
Injector
Septum
Nut
Septum

Liner O-Ring

Cartridge split vent

Liner trap

Washer/Seal

EPC

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Split mode:
During a split injection, a liquid sample is
introduced into a hot inlet where it vaporizes
rapidly.
A small amount of the vapor enters the column
while the major portion exits from the split/purge
vent. The ratio of column flow to split flow is
controlled by the user.
Split injections are primarily used for high
concentration samples when you can afford to
lose most of the sample out the split/purge vent. It
is also used for samples that cannot be diluted.

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Splitless mode:
In this mode, the purge valve is closed during
the injection and remains so while the sample
is vaporized in the liner and transferred to the
column. At a specified time after injection, the
purge valve opens to sweep any vapors
remaining in the liner out the split vent. This
avoids solvent tailing due to the large inlet
volume and small column flow rate. Specify the
purge time and purge flow rate in the inlet
control table.

If you are using gas saver, the gas saver time

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Pulsed split and splitless modes
The pressure pulse modes increase inlet pressure just before the
beginning of a run and returns it to the normal value after a
specified amount of time. The pressure pulse sweeps the sample
out of the inlet and into the column faster, reducing the chance for
sample decomposition in the inlet. If your chromatography is
degraded by the pressure pulse, a retention gap may help restore
peak shape.

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Inlet Types

Note
During injection, the sample (1ul or 2ul) is vaporized inside a glass liner (insert) in
a
very short period of time (milliseconds), thus, it may be called “Flash Injector”.

The type of injection mode used in a purged-packed injector is Splitless Mode.

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Purged Packed Inlet
This inlet is used with packed columns when high-
efficiency separations are not required. It can also be
used with wide-bore capillary columns, provided
that flows greater than 10 ml/min are acceptable.

If a capillary column is used and the column is

defined, the inlet is pressure controlled.
If the column is not defined packed columns
and undefined capillary columns), the inlet is
flow-controlled.

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14
 Purged-Packed
Injector
Septum Purge
Septu Weldment
m
Glass Liner
Sleeve

Heater/Sen
sor Column
Assembly
Adapter
“O” 1/4” Vespel
Ring Seal

Insulation
Cup
Ferrul
e
Column 15
Inlet Types

Note
Most widely used applications in
Environmental.

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Cool On-Column Inlet
This inlet introduces liquid sample directly onto a
capillary column. To do this, both the inlet and the oven
must be cool at injection, at or below the boiling point of
the solvent. Because the sample does not vaporize
immediately in the inlet.
uses liquid CO2 or N2 to reach sub-ambient temperatures.

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 Cool On-Column
Injector
Automat
Automat ed
ed Injection Manual 200 uM
Injection 530 Fused silica
250/320 needle

Heater/Sen
sor Septu Ferrul
Assembly m e
Column
Nut

Column Positioning
Inserts

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Inlet Types

Note
Injection into hot or cold inlet - rapid
heating/cooling.
Large volume injection capability through solvent venting for lower
MDL's
Less thermal
breakdown.
There is two heads one is septum head with stream flow for purge septum
And the other is septumless head which be check valve to seal the syringe entrance.
EPC
pneumatics.

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 Programmable Temperature Vaporization Injector

Septumless Septum
Head Head

Cryo
Connectio
n

Split Vent

Silver
Liner
Seal

Heater/Thermocoup
le
Column Adapter
Split Nut
Graphpack for
Column Ferrule Inlet

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Inlet Types

Note
•Very Inert.
•Very small internal volume (35ul)
•Low split ratio or direct injection for high sensitivity.
•EPC control from GC keyboard or ChemStation.

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Volatiles Interface Injector

Sampler
Input

Split
Trickle Vent
Flow

Column
Connection

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An Overview of Inlets

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Septum Purge
The septum purge line is near the septum where the sample is injected.
A small amount of carrier gas exists through this line to sweep out any
bleed.

Each inlet has a different septum purge flow. The GC automatically sets the
purge flow for EPC inlets, but you can measure it from the septum purge
vent at the flow manifold if you like.

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Septum Purge Flows

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B. Valves
Used for quantitative analyses of gas mixtures. Different gas sample loops

are available and range from 250ul to 50ml.

There are many valving configurations to accommodate each kind of gas

analyses requirements.

Four-Port Six-Port Eight-Port Ten-Port

Valves Valves Valves Valves

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The END

Produced By
Mohamed Salama

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