Modifications in IS 1893 Criteria For Earthquake Resistant Design Of Structures

Presented By: Arvind Thakur (801222001) Jaskaran Singh (801222006) Salman Siddique (801222016) Vipin Sharma (801222022)

Disaster Vulnerability and Mitigation

India is one of the most disaster prone countries, vulnerable to almost all natural and man made disasters. About 85% area is vulnerable to one or multiple disasters and about 57% area is in high seismic zone including the capital of the country. Disaster prevention involves engineering intervention in buildings and structures to make them strong enough to withstand the impact of natural hazard or to impose restrictions on land use so that the exposure of the society to the hazard situation is avoided or minimized.

 Himalayan-Nagalushai region, Indo-Gangetic plain, Western India, Kutch and Kathiawar regions are geologically unstable parts of the country and some devastating earthquakes of the world have occurred there. A major part of peninsular India has also been visited by strong earthquakes, but these were relatively few in number and had considerably lesser intensity. It has been a long felt need to rationalize the earthquake resistant design and construction of structures taking into account seismic data from studies of these earthquakes. It is to serve this purpose, Bureau of Indian Standards has rendered invaluable services by producing a number of national standards in the field of Design and Construction of Earthquake Resistant Structures and also in the field of measurement and tests connected therewith.

Introduction to IS 1893
This standard contains provisions that are general in nature and applicable to all structures. Also, it contains provisions that are specific to buildings only. It covers general principles and design criteria, combinations, design spectrum, main attributes of buildings, dynamic analysis, apart from seismic zoning map and seismic coefficients of important towns, map showing epicentres, map showing tectonic features and lithological map of India. The first Indian seismic code (IS 1893) was published in 1962 and it has since been revised in 1966, 1970,1975,1984 and 2002.

Bhuj Earthquake
2001 Gujarat earthquake was a wake up call for many seismic design changes and modifications in building codes after 18 years.

Philosophical changes in the new code Seismic zone map is revised with only four seismic zones. Zone I is
upgraded to Zone II. Killari area is enhanced to Zone III. Bellary isolated zone is removed. East coast is enhanced to Zone III and connected with Zone III of Godavari Graben area.
IS 1893:1984 IS 1893:2002

 Seismic zone factor is changed reflecting more realistic value of peak ground acceleration.
Zone Factors as per IS 1893:1984
S. No

Zone Factors as per IS 1893:2002

S. No

Zone No.

Seismic Coefficient method 0.08

Response Spectrum method 0.40

Zone No. II III IV V

Seismic Intensity Low Moderate Severe Very severe

Z 0.10 0.16 0.24 0.36

IV
III II I

0.05
0.04 0.02 0.01

0.25
0.20

4
5

0.10 0.05
4

 Response acceleration spectra are now specified for three types of founding strata viz. Hard, Medium and Soft. In older version only average acceleration spectra is mentioned.

As Per IS 1893:1984

As Per IS 1893:2002

The design spectrum shape now depends on the type of soil and the foundation-soil factor () has been dropped. Instead a clause has been introduced to restrict the use of foundation vulnerable to differential settlement in severe seismic zones.

As Per IS 1893:1984 The value of shall be taken as

S.no Type of soil Piles passing through any soil but resting on Type 1
1.0

As Per IS 1893:2002
Well Foundatio n

Piles not covered

Raft Foundatio n

Combine d or Isolated RCC footings with tie beams

Isolated RCC footings without tie beams

Type I Rock or hard soils Type II Medium soils Type III Soft soils

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

The use of foundations vulnerable to significant differential settlement due to ground shaking shall be avoided for structures in seismic Zones III, IV and V In seismic Zones IV and V, individual spread footings or pile caps shall be interconnected with ties, except when individual spread footings are directly supported on rock.

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.2

1.2

1.0

1.2

1.0

1.2

1.5

1.5

 Empirical expression for estimating the fundamental natural period Ta of multi-storeyed buildings with regular moment resisting frames has been revised. = 0.1 (as per IS 1893:1984) n= number of storeys including basement. (Ta as per IS 1893:2002) = 0.0750.75 . = 0.0850.75 . h=Height of building, in m. This excludes the basement storeys, where basement walls are connected with the ground floor deck or fitted between the building columns. But it includes the basement storeys, when they are not so connected.

The concept of response reduction due to ductile deformation or frictional energy dissipation in the cracks is brought into the code explicitly, by introducing the response reduction factor in place of the earlier performance factor. As Per IS 1893:1984 As Per IS 1893:2002
S.No STRUCTURAL FRAMING SYSTEM VALUES OF PERFORMANCE FACTOR, K 1.0 S.No 1 2 3 1 Moment resistant frame with appropriate ductility in reinforced concrete or steel Frame as above with R. C. shear walls or steel bracing members designed for ductility Frame with either steel bracing members or plain or nominally reinforced concrete infill panels Lateral Load Resisting System Ordinary RC moment-resisting frame ( OMRF) Special RC moment-resisting frame ( SMRF) Steel frame with a) Concentric braces b) Eccentric braces R 3.0 5.0 4.0 5.0

4
1.0 5

Steel moment resisting frame designed as per SP 6

Load bearing masonry wall buildings) a) Unreinforced b) Reinforced with horizontal RC bands c) Reinforced with horizontal RC bands and vertical bars at corners of rooms and jambs of openings

5.0
1.5 2.5 3.0

1.3

6
7 8 9 10 11

Ordinary reinforced concrete shear walls

Ductile shear walls Ordinary shear wall with OMRF Ordinary shear wall with SMRF Ductile shear wall with OMRF Ductile shear wall with SMRF

3.0
4.0 3.0 4.0 4.5 5.0

Frame in combination with masonry infills Reinforced concrete framed buildings

1.6

1.6

The code now requires that there be a minimum design force based on empirical fundamental period(Ta) of the building even if the dynamic analysis gives a very high value of natural period and thus low seismic force.

As per IS 1893:1984

As per IS 1893:2002

=
VB = Base shear K= Performance factor

=
VB = Base shear Ah= Design horizontal acceleration spectrum value W= Seismic weight of the building

C= Coefficient defining the flexibility of structure

h= Design seismic coefficient

W= D.L+L.L

 Torsional eccentricity values have been revised upwards in view of serious damages observed in buildings with irregular plans.
As per IS 1893:1984 Provision shall be made for the increase in shear resulting from the horizontal torsion due to an eccentricity between the centre of mass and the centre of rigidity. The design eccentricity shall be taken as 1.5 times the computed eccentricity between the centre of mass and the centre of rigidity. Negative torsional shears shall be neglected. As per IS 1893:2002 The design eccentricity shall be = 1.5 + 0.05 Or = 0.05 Whichever is more = Static Eccentricity at floor i = Floor plan dimension at floor i In case of irregular buildings additive eccentricity of 0.05 is taken.

 Modal combination rule in dynamic analysis of buildings has been revised. As per IS 1893:1984 As Per IS 1893:2002 Building Height Seismic zones Recommended Method Regular buildings Those Greater than 40 m III, IV and V Detailed dynamic greater than 40m in height in analysis Zones IV and V and those Greater than 90 m I and II Modal analysis using response spectrum greater than 90m in height in method Zones II and III. Modal analysis using Greater than 40 m and All zones Irregular buildings All framed response spectrum up to 90 m method. (Use of buildings higher than 12m in seismic coefficient method permitted for Zones IV and V and those zone I, II and III) greater than 40m in height in Zones II and III. Less than 40 m All zones Modal analysis using
response spectrum method.(Use of seismic coefficient method permitted in all zones)

Editorial and Typographical Errors

Direction of horizontal ground motion in design (Clause 6.3.2.1) A minor typographical error in this Clause needs to be corrected by replacing direction at time by "direction at a time. Fundamental natural period (Clause 7.6.2) In first printing of the code, in equation T = 0.09h/(d), the term h was missed and this should be corrected. In this Clause brick infill panels should be replaced by masonry infill panels Clause 7.8.1 There is a typographical error in section (b) in Clause 7.8.1. All framed buildings higher than 12m. should be replaced by All buildings higher than 12m.

 Modal combination (Clause 7.8.4.4) In the equation for CQC method, there is a typographical error in the first printing of the code. The equation should be as follows:

Seismic zone map In first printing of the code, some errors got introduced in the seismic zone map. (i) Locations of Allahabad and Varanasi have been interchanged in the map. Varanasi should be in zone III and Allahabad in zone II. (ii) Kolkata is shown in zone IV, it should be in zone III.

References
Indian standard criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures, IS 1893 : 1984, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. Indian standard criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures, IS 1893 : (Part 1) 2002, Part 1 General Provisions and Buildings (Fifth Revision), Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. Jain SK and Murty SVR, Proposed Changes in Indian Seismic Code,IS:1893 (Part 1) 2002. IITK-GSDMA Project on Building Codes. Jain SK, Review of Indian seismic code, IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002. The Indian Concrete Journal (November 2003)

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