See Through Walls with Wi-Vi

Fadel Adib Dina Katabi

Can your cellphone give you X-ray vision?

Key Idea

Challenges

Wall refection is 1 ! " stronger than reflections co#ing fro# $ehind the wall

Trac%ing people fro# their reflections

&pplications
Police avoids ambush
Firefighters check for humans

Personal security

Gesture interface from behind a wall

Wi-Vi' S#all! (ow-)ower! Wi-*i

Eliminate the walls reflection Track eo le from reflections Gesture!based interface "m lemented on software radios

+ow Can We ,li#inate the Wall-s .eflection?

"dea# transmit two waves that cancel each other when they reflect off static ob$ects but not moving ob$ects

%all is static Peo le tend to move

disa s

ear

detectabl e

,li#inating the Wall-s .eflection

.eceive &ntenna'

'
Trans#it &ntennas

&'

,li#inating the Wall-s .eflection

.eceive &ntenna' y 0 h1 " 1 h/2"

' & ) !h* + h, &'

h1

h/

,li#inating &ll Static .eflections

,li#inating &ll Static .eflections

x x
h1

h2

y 0 h1 " 1 h/2"

-tatic ob$ects .wall/ furniture/ etc01 have constant channels

y 0 h1 " 1 h/3h14 h/5"

y 0 h1- " 1 h/-3h14 7ero h/5" 6ot

Peo le move/ therefore their channels change

+ow Can We Trac% 8sing .eflections?

Trac%ing ;otion
2F source

9irection of reflection

&ntenna

Trac%ing ;otion
9irection of #otion

:
&t any point in ti#e! we have a single #easure#ent &ntenna

Trac%ing ;otion
9irection of #otion

: :
9irection of #otion

&ntenna

Trac%ing ;otion
9irection of #otion

: :
9irection

+u#an #otion e#ulates &ntenna antenna array

of #otion

& Through-Wall <esture Interface

-ending 3ommands with Gestures Two sim le gestures to re resent bit 4( and bit 4* 3an combine se5uence of gestures to convey longer message

<esture ,ncoding
6it 4(# ste forward followed by ste backward 6it 4*# ste backward followed by ste forward

Step *orward

Step

<esture 9ecoding
;atched *ilter
0 2 4 6 8 T im e (S e c o n d s) 10 12 14

)ea% 9etector

<esture interface that wor%s through walls and none-line-ofsight

0 2 4 6 8 Time (Seconds) 10

=it > - =it >1-

12

I#ple#entation and ,valuation

7-2P software radios#
%i!Fi signals# ,08G9:/ ;FD< =<9: to enable real!time channel estimation *(m% transmit ower

;ld and new buildings on <"T cam us Eight human sub$ects

,(( e' eriments

Trac%ing ;ultiple +u#ans

;ne moving erson is indicated by a single curvy line

Trac%ing ;ultiple +u#ans

>umber of distinct curves at the same time corres onds to the number of humans

Two +u#ans
100 80 60

100 80 60 Angle (degrees) 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60

Three +u#ans
1 2

Angle (degrees)

40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -80

1
0 1 2 3 4 Time (seconds) 5 6

-80
7 -100 0

3
1 2 3 4 Time (seconds) 5 6 7

-100

&uto#atic ,sti#ation' 6u#$er of )eople

3lassification algorithm in the a er

Detected Actual ( * , ?

( *((@ (@ (@ (@

* (@ *((@ (@ (@

, (@ (@ A=@ *(@

? (@ (@ *=@ B(@

=uilding ;aterials
&ccuracy 3?5
*(( A( D( 8( ,( (
*((

*((

*((

*((

AC0=

Free - ace

*0C= wood door

A concrete

<estures' &ccuracy vs@ 9istance

6it E(E 6it E*E

*((

&ccuracy 3?5

A( D( 8( ,( ( * , ? 8 = D C A B

9istance fro# the wall 3#eters5

 Designed for military F23P*(G

, G9: bandwidth Harge ower source 9uge antenna array

.elated Wor% A feet

Attem t at using %i!Fi F3-%*,G

>eeds to install a receiver in the imaged room and connect it to a receiver outside the room via wire

7 coming work in <obicom*? FPGGP*?G

Focus on gestures as o osed to '!ray vision

6ew Version' )re-pu$lication