USMAN ALI WARRAICH WARRAICH.U.A@GMAIL.

COM

AGENDA
Understand the difference between quantitative and qualitative Research. Know the Right Statistical Technique for cross sectional Data Learn How to Interpret and Report Results

Qualitative Research
Research that addresses research objectives through techniques that allow the researcher to provide elaborate interpretations of phenomena without depending on numerical measurement; its focus is on discovering true inner meanings and new insights

Quantitative Research
Research that addresses research objectives through empirical assessments that involve numerical measurement and analysis.

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH TYPOLOGY

Phenomenology

Ethnography

Grounded Theory

Case Study

Historical Research

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN QUALITATIVE & QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
1 DISCOVER IDEAS
2 GENERAL RESEARCH QUESTION
3 EXPLORATORY DESIGN

RESEARCH ASPECT QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

1 COMMON PURPOSE
2 RESEARCH QUESTION

1 TEST HYPOTHESIS
2 SPECIFIC RESEARCH QUESTION
3 DESCRIPTIVE & CAUSAL RESEARCH 4 NARROW ANGLE
LENS

3 MOST OFTEN USED

4 WIDE ANGLE LENS

5 WHOLE STUDY NOT
VARIABLE

4 FOCUS
5 VARIABLE

5 SPECIFIC VARIABLE STUDIED

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN QUALITATIVE & QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
6 INDUCTIVE APPROACH

RESEARCH ASPECT QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

6 APPROACH
6 DEDUCTIVE APPROACH

7 EXPLORATORY
8 QUALITATIVE 9 UNSTRUCTURED 10 SMALL SAMPLE

7 SCIENTIFIC METHOD
8 TYPE OF DATA COLLECTED

7 CONFIRMATORY

8 QUANTITATIVE
9 STRUCTURED RESPONSE 10 LARGE SAMPLE

9 DATA COLLECTION
10 SAMPLE

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN QUALITATIVE & QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
11 NOT RANDOMLY SELECTED
12 SEARCH FOR PATTERNS AND THEME

RESEARCH ASPECT QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

11 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE 11 RANDOMLY SELECTED
12 IDENTIFY STATISTICAL RELATIONSHIP

12 DATA ANALYSIS PLAN

13 SPECIALIZED
THAT IS LESS

FINDING

13 RESULTS

13 GENERALIZABLE FINDING

GENERALIZABLE

14 RESEARCHER
INTIMATELY INVOLVE .

14 RESEARCH INDEPENDENCE

14 RESEARCH UNINVOLVED OBSERVER

15 NARRATIVE REPORT WITH CONTEXTUAL DESCRIPTION

15 FINAL REPORT

15 STATISTICAL REPORT, WITH STATISTICAL FINDING OF RESULTS

KNOW THE RIGHT STATISTICAL TECHNIQUE FOR CROSS SECTIONAL DATA

Nature of Relationship No of DV Nature of DV No of IV Nature of IV No of Categories Population Parametric or Non Parametric

NATURE OF RELATIONSHIP

Income

Expenses

Saving

5000 10000 15000 20000

3000 6000 10000 12000

2000 4000 5000 8000

KNOW THE RIGHT STATISTICAL TECHNIQUE FOR CROSS SECTIONAL DATA

Nature of Relationship ( Dependence or Interdependence) No of DV ( One or More than One) Nature of DV ( Quantitative or Categorical) No of IV ( One or More than One) Nature of IV ( Quantitative or Categorical) No of Categories ( 2 or More than 2) Population ( Different or Same ) Parametric or Non Parametric

EXAMPLE 1

Warraich designs a study to test the hypothesis that children who participate in behavior counseling that include play therapy have different average levels of play as compared to children who participate in behavior counseling that do not have a play therapy component. Of 40 children who participate in behavior counseling, he randomly assigns 20 children to also participate in play therapy (i.e., the 'treatment' group). The remaining children participate only in the behavior counseling (i.e., the 'control' group). Warraich collects data on two variables: 1) the group in which the child participates (control or treatment, a nominal variable), and 2) children's level of play (an interval level measurement). Which statistical procedure is most appropriate to use to test the hypothesis?

EXAMPLE 2

To test the hypothesis that adults who complete the training in yoga are more likely to have better perceptions of yoga, on average, Lee designs a study. She draws a random sample of 100 members at the local gym who have not completed yoga training and who do not participate in yoga. The participants complete a Yoga Perceptions scale prior to completing the yoga training. The participants complete the Yoga Perceptions scale again after they receive the yoga training. There two variables in the dataset include: 1) initial Yoga Perceptions score (interval scale), and 2) ending Yoga Perceptions score (interval scale). Which statistical procedure is most appropriate to use to test the hypothesis?

EXAMPLE 3

Zehra wants to know if there is a relationship between the number of minutes spent in math tutoring and mathematics grades for freshmen. From a random sample of 100 freshmen, data is collected on number of minutes spent in math tutoring (a ratio level variable) and mathematics grades (an interval level variable). Which statistical procedure is most appopriate to use to test the hypothesis?

HOW TO REPORT RESULTS

AVOID REPEATION CUSTOMIZE TABLE PROVIDE MAXIMUM INFORMATION IN MINIMUM SPACE

Thank You