MANAV RACHNA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

A COLLOQUIUM REPORT ON

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER

OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SUBMITTED BY: SUSHANT 1/12/FET/MIE/2/006
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

PROFESSOR R.N. BAHL FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY FARIDABAD 2012-14 MANAV RACHNA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY FARIDABAD (HARYANA)

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION HISTORY APPLICATIONS ADVANTAGES STEPS FOR F.E.M. STEPS FOR F.E.A. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION and ITS SOLUTION BY F.E.A. SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION
Finite element analysis was first developed for use in the aerospace and nuclear industries where the safety of structures is critical. FEA consists of a computer model of a material or design that is stressed and analysed for specific results. It is used in new product design, and existing product refinement.

Useful for problems with complicated geometries, loadings, and

material properties where analytical solutions can not be obtained.

HISTORY
Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was first developed in 1943 by R. Courant, who utilized the Ritz method of numerical analysis and minimization of

variational calculus to obtain approximate solutions to vibration systems.

By the early 70's, FEA was limited to expensive mainframe computers generally owned by the aeronautics, automotive, defence, and nuclear industries, and the scope of analyses were considerably limited. Finite Element technology was further enhanced during the 70's by

applied the technology to general problems described by Laplace &

Poisson's equations.

 Later, considerable research was carried out into the modelling & solution of non-linear problems, Hinton & Crisfield being major contributors. Since the rapid decline in the cost of computers and the phenomenal increase in computing power, FEA has been developed to an incredible precision. Present day supercomputers are now able to produce accurate results for

all kinds of parameters.

APPLICATIONS
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

 FREQUENCY ANALYSIS

FLUID FLOW

 ELECTROMAGNETICS

ADVANTAGES
Any complex geometry can be analysed.

Parts made from different materials can be analysed.

Complex loading patterns with multiple types of forces acting on the

geometry with large number of supports can be analysed.

The FEA procedure provides results throughout the part (all points). Testing of products can be done using FEA without expensive destructive testing.

PROCEDURE FOR F.E.M

Discretization The entire body to be analysed is divided into smaller elements or finite elements. These elements are connected each other through nodes. The elements should not overlap each other.

FORMING THE ELEMENT MATRICES AND EQUATIONS

The analysis of a single element is done by applying equations of equilibrium to that element. These equations can be expressed in form of matrix called element stiffness matrix.

ASSEMBLING THE MATRICES

The element matrices of all the elements are combined or assembled to form the global stiffness matrix, which represents the entire body. The boundary condition can then be applied to the global stiffness matrix. This will reduce the size of global matrix.

FINDING THE UNKNOWN FIELD VARIABLES

The unknown field variables can be found out from the global
stiffness matrix by using gauss elimination approach.

INTERPRETING THE RESULTS

The conclusions are drawn and appropriate modifications are incorporated into the original design in order to improve the design

PROCEDURE FOR F.E.A.

Preprocess Post process Solution

PREPROCESS
Create 3D CAD Model
Save the 3D CAD Geometry in Neutral Format

Importing 3D CAD geometry to FEA Package

Defining type of analysis Defining Material Properties Meshing Defining Boundary Condition

POSTPROCESS
Type of Loading Boundary Conditions

SOLUTION
In this solution of a particular analysis will get after applying the necessary parameters for that analysis. It should be in graph form, figure form or in document form.

LIST OF SOFTWARES
ADINA ANSYS ALGOR COSMOS NASTRAN FEDEM MESH PARTS HYPER SIZER

PROBLEM : STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF MASTER LEAF SPRING BY F.E.A.

Steps for F.E.A. Create 3-D model of Master leaf Spring in Pro-E Wildfire 5.0. Length = 1000 mm. Width = 60 mm. Camber = 65 mm. Thickness = 7 mm.

 Save the file into Step format. Import the file into ANSYS 14.0

 Do Meshing of the model. Size of the Mesh is 3 mm. Type of Mesh is Tetrahedral. No. of Nodes 20758 No. of Elements 10242

 Apply boundary conditions. Both ends are kept fixed.

Apply Force of 2500 N.

SOLUTION
Equivalent Stress

Max. Principal Stress

 Deformation

Equivalent Elastic Strain

SUMMARY
Finite element analysis as a procedure is now well established and is used

to a large scale in the manufacturing industries.

Finite element analysis can be used for practically all types of analysis problems. Finite element model discretizes the solid body into small and finite volumes called finite elements. Finite element analysis procedure requires

a preprocessing operation, post processing operation and solver to obtain

the result.

REFERENCES
Finite Element Method by J.N.Reddy. Design and analysis of automotive Multi Leaf Springs by U. S. Ramakanth & K. Sowjanya. Design and structural analysis of Multi Leaf Spring by Venkata Ramesh Mamilla. Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis by Robert D. Cook.