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Normal visual acuity is 20/20. 20/20 means you can read at 20 feet what the normal eye could have read at 20 feet. 20/40 means you can read at 20 feet what normal eye could read at 40 feet.
Hold a pencil as a target midline between you and the other person, slowly advance it in from the periphery in several directions. Ask the person to say now as the target is first seen; this should be just as you see the object also.
If the person is unable to see the object as examiner does, this suggests peripheral field loss.
Cover test:
Detect small degrees of deviated alignment that normally keeps the two eyes parallel. Ask the person to stare straight ahead at your nose. Cover one eye, note the uncovered eye. Normal response is a steady fixed gaze (covered eye). Abnormal response covered eye will drift into a relaxed position.(muscle weakness exist).
Eyeballs:
aligned normally in their sockets with no protrusion or sunken.
Irregular shape.
Accommodation:
Asking the person to focus on a distant object this process dilates the pupils. Then have the person shift the gaze to a near object. Normal response includes: pupillary constriction and convergence of the axes of the eyes.