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Class Gastropoda and Class Bivalvia

Dr. Wan Fatma Zuharah Wan Musthapa

Class Gastropoda
Form and function
During embryonic development, visceral mass and nerve

system undergoes torsion Presence of protein shield-operculum at foot Presence of columella muscle Most diversified of all mollusc. Also most widely distributed. Symmetry bilateral in origin but due to torsion-assymetric. Visceral mass is linked to shell with columella muscle from foot to columella groove in shell. . This muscle allows flexible interchange between shell and visceral mass.

* Columella- The solid or hollow pillar of a univalve shell around which the whorls are arranged

Torsion
Torsion is a phenomena where veliger larva

undergo a 180 degress torsion of visceral mass Due to the imbalance growth in retractor muscle system connecting head foot region with shell. This creates a pull of the visceral mass As a result, the mantle cavity moves from original posterior to anterior region, directly above the head.

Torsion

Advantage and disadvantage of torsion


Without torsion, the foot will be withdrawn to the mantle cavity first whihe the head is

Anus is situated near head

last Cleaner water enter the mantle cavity if its in the anterior position.

Coiling
For

better weight distribution Compactness by conispiral shape Right side- loss of gill, atrium, and kidney Adaptation to carrying coiled shell

Internal form and function

Respiration- ctenidium located in mantle, serves as

lung to small opening called pneumostome Single nephridium circulatory and nervous system Sense organ- osphradium Reproduction dioecious and monoecious Courtship ceremony exchange of spermatozoa After copulation deposits eggs in shallow burrow

CLASS BIVALVIA
Also known as hatched-footed animals

Presence of bi-shell structure

Most of them sedentary filter feeder


Body compressed laterally. Dorsal part of the organism is characterized by presence of hinge while ventral is at the opening of the shell Umbo: situated near hinge, where shell forming

material for secretion is stored.

Form and function


Shell- laterally compressed, held together by hinge

ligament Umbo-oldest part of shell, growth occurs in concentric line Pearl- when foreign object lodged between shell and mantle, secrete nacre Locomotion- slender muscular foot, pump blood swell and work as anchor Longitudinal muscle contract to shorten foot Scallops-clapping valves together, create jet propulsion Gas exchange- through mantle and gills

Bivalve gills is made of arranged layers of lamella. Movement of water through tiny pores in lamella allow exchange of gas between water and blood.

Reproduction and development


Fertilization is external Embryo develops into tracophore, veliger and spat stages Freshwater clams: -Fertilization is internal - sperm entering with incurrent water flow -Glochidium larvae (specialized veliger) - attached to specific fish host (gills or skin) -Parasitic for several week - detach and sink to the bottom

Boring
Burrow in mud or sand Evolved mechanism burrowing into harder substances

(wooden ship) Teredo slender posterior siphon, water flowing over the gills, a pair of small globular valves on the anterior end Have microscopic teeth- wood rasp, cellulose produce by symbiotic bacteria

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