Carbon dioxide

Hasritha . R VIII (IIT)

Ravindra Bharathi School, Guntur

INTRODUCTION

Carbon dioxide, (CO2), is a colorless gas having a faint, sharp odor and a sour taste.

It is a minor component of Earths atmosphere (0.03%). CO2 is formed by combustion of carbon-containing

materials, in fermentation, and in respiration of animals.

Carbon

dioxide

is

utilized

by

plants

in

the

photosynthesis of carbohydrates.

Structure: Composed of two oxygen atoms each covalently bonded to a single carbon atom.

HISTORY OF CO2
Van Helmont discovered CO2 in 1630 Joseph Black a Scottish physician and chemist prepared CO2 by heating Calcium carbonate in 1775 Lavoisier named acid carbonique which was later called as Carbon dioxide in 1783

van Helmont

Joseph Black

Lavoisier

General methods: 1. By Burning Coke:

Preparation of CO2

C(coke) + O2(g) CO2 (g) 2. Combustion of Organic compounds:

Methyl alcohol burns in oxygen to give CO2

Some CO2 is obtained from the combustion of coke or other carboncontaining fuels.

2CH3OH + O2 2 CO2 + 4 H2O 3. By strongly heating metal carbonates or bicarbonates:

2 NaHCO3(s) Na2CO3(s)+ H2O (l)+ CO2 (g) 4. By the action of dilute mineral acids on carbonates and bicarbonates:

All Carbonates except (Na and K) and bicarbonates decompose on heating liberating carbon dioxide.

Na2CO3 (s) + H2SO4(aq) Na2SO4(aq)+ H2O+C02 (g)

Carbonates or Bicorbonates of metals are treated with dilute mineral acids they react without heating to form metal salts, water and CO2

Laboratory Method: Reactants: Marble chips( Calcium carbonate), Dil HCl acid Procedure: Marble chips are taken in a conical flask, dil HCl is added slowly drop wise using thistle funnel. Reaction takes place with evolving of effervescence. CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O +CO2(g) The dry CO2 is collected by upward displacement.

Physical Properties of CO2

Name: Carbon dioxide Chemical formula : CO2 Other Names : Carbonic acid gas, Carbonic anhydride, Carbonic oxide, Carbon oxide, Dry ice (solid phase) Molecular weight : 44.1 Odor: Odourless Colour: Color less gas Melting point : --78 C Boiling point : -57 C CO2 (gas) Dry Ice Solubility: Soluble in Water Density: 22 ( 1.5 times heavier than air) Nature: Acidic

Chemical Properties
1. Combustibility: Metals like Na or Mg burn in CO2 CO2+ Mg 2 MgO+ C 2. Acidic in Nature a) With water CO2 dissolves in H20 and forms Carbonic acid CO2(g) + H2O H2CO3 b) With dil Caustic Alkalis (NaOH, KOH) Caustic alkalis react with limited and excess supply of Co2 to form their respective carbonates, water and bicarbonates. 2 NaOH + CO2 (less) Na2CO3+ H20 KOH+ CO (excess) KHCo

C) Action on lime water: Limited amount of CO2 is passed through lime water it turns milky due to insoluble CaCO3 Ca(OH)2+CO2 CaCO3+H2O (milky) Upon excess addition of CO2 to the above it become clear solution CaCO3+H2O+CO2 Ca(HCO3)2 (clear)

d) Action with Ammonium Hydroxide: CO2 reacts with NH4OH to form Ammonium carbonate and water. 2NH4OH + CO2(g) (NH4)2CO3(s) + H2O e) Action with dry Ammonia gas: 2 volumes of dry Ammonia and 1volume of dry CO2 react to form urea (NH2)2CO. 2NH3(g) + CO2(g) (NH2)2CO(s) + H2O 3. Action with Metals: a) Burning Na, K, Ca in CO2 to form oxides. These oxides further react with CO2 to form their carbonates and free. Carbon 4Na + CO2 Na2O + C + CO2 Na2CO3 +C b) Mg, Al continue burning in CO2 to form their bicarbonates and free carbon. 2Mg + CO2 2MgO + C

4. Action with Non-metals The only non-metal carbon reacts with CO2 it is reduced to CO CO2 (g) + C 2CO

5. Photosynthesis: Formation of carbohydrates from CO2 and H20 in green plants in the presence of sunlight is called Photosynthesis.
Sun light

6CO2+ 12H20

Chlorophyll

C6H12O6+ 6O2+ 6H2O

Glucose

USES: To prepare soft drinks and soda,

In fire extinguishers,
As a refrigerating agent, To prepare chemicals like urea, washing and baking soda,

To preserve food.
Used in welding to control corrosion. Mixture of 5%CO2 and 95%O2 called Carbogen is used in treatment of Shock, Pneumonia and Co Poisoning

Thank You