Radiation Transformation and Energy Balance

NUR IZZATI ISHAK SES100227

Outline
Radiation transformation Energy balance Current Review: Climate Sensitivity

Radiation Transformation

Solar Energy

 Earth absorb solar radiation Used the energy to warm the atmosphere, evaporate water, warm the Earths surface Earth's atmosphere receive the shortwave radiation of: -UV(7%) -Visible(43%) -IR(50%)

 Forms of thermal energy transfer in the climate system: a) Conduction b) Advection/convection c) Radiation

Insolation
Amount of solar radiation reaches earths surface which varies due: a) Earths atmosphere b)Changes in orientation between Earth and Sun

 EM radiation interact with matter by one of these process namely: a)Scattering b)Reflection c)Absorption

Scattering

Reflection

absorption

Energy Balance

Energy Balance
Fist Law of Thermodynamics: Energy cant be destroyed nor created. Total energy is conserved

Climate sensitivity
equilibrium change in global surface temperature that occurs in response to a climate forcing(externally imposed perturbation of the planetary energy balance) Have different definition based on the climate feedback.

Current Study: Climate sensitivity in the Anthropocene

Energy Balance:
In response to a positive radiative forcing such as characterizes the present-day anthropogenic perturbation the planet must increase its net energy loss to space in order to re-establish energy balance .

 Climate feedback: Earth system response to a climate forcing that either reinforce or counteracts the forcing three main types of climate sensitivity:

 fast feedback sensitivity

 external forcing depends solely on fast climate feedbacks due to changes in water vapor, clouds, and sea ice. anthropogenic perturbations of atmospheric composition due to fossil fuel burning, volcanic eruptions, variations in solar luminosity, orbit. The fast feedback sensitivity to a doubling of atmospheric CO2 has been estimated to be about 3C.

Ice Sheet/Vegetation Albedo Feedbacks

 If surface albedo changes from land ice and vegetation are regarded as a feedback, the climate sensitivity to a doubling of CO2 increases to about 46C. Assuming that this increased energy loss is proportional to the surface temperature change delta T:

ClimateGreenhouse Gas Feedback

 If changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations resulting from climaterelated changes in terrestrial and ocean carbon sequestration are also regarded as a feedback, the 2CO2 climate sensitivity is higher still (>46C)

Human Behavior Feedbacks

 In the most comprehensive type of climate sensitivity, changes in human activity (e.g. changes in fossil fuel burning, land use and land/ocean ecosystem )in response to ongoing climate change are regarded as a feedback human behavior changes can be either a forcing or a feedback, since they can initiate Earth system change and also be a response to that change