Present Perfect Tense

Simple Past Tense

Present Perfect Tense

Form
Subject + (has/have) + verb3+ object + modifier

Example : a. Transpiration has started to increase since three hours ago. b. Farmers in Jati Bali have grown rice crops since 1970.

How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect? The concept of "unspecified time" can be very confusing to English learners.

TOPIC 1 Experience TOPIC 2 Change Over Time TOPIC 3 Accomplishments TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting TOPIC 5 Multiple Actions at Different Times

TOPIC 1 Experience
You can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience. Examples : a. I have been to France. b. I have been to France three times.

TOPIC 2 Change Over Time

We often use the Present Perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time. Examples : a. You have grown since the last time I saw you. b. The government has become more interested in arts education.

TOPIC 3 Accomplishments
We often use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity. Examples : a. Man has walked on the Moon. b. Our son has learned how to read.

TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting

We often use the Present Perfect to say that an action which we expected has not happened.
Examples : a. James has not finished his homework yet. b. Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.

TOPIC 5 Multiple Actions at Different Times

We also use the Present Perfect to talk about several different actions which have occurred in the past at different times. Examples : a. The army has attacked that city five times. b. I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.

Yes/No Questions
Form
(Has/have) + subject + verb3+ object + modifier?

Examples : a. Has she read the entire book? b. Has John traveled around the world?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples : a. Many tourists have visited that castle. ACTIVE b. That castle has been visited by many tourists. PASSIVE

Simple Past Tense

Form Subject + Verb2 + Object + Modifier

Examples : a. Some students conducted research on vegetative plant propagations last year. b. Farmers in Jati Bali grew rice crops 6 months ago.

How Do You Actually Use the Simple Past Tense ? The concept of "unspecified time" can be very confusing to English learners.

a. Simple past tense is use for completed action. (example) b. For use sub-clause from unreal conditionals the second type, if the fact in simple present tense. (example) c. For make an indirect speech sentence and if the sentence is direct speech, use simple present tense.(example)

a. I went to Kuta beach yesterday. b. He was my boyfriend. c. The tsunami swept Banda Aceh and more than a hundred thousand people died.

a. If he were here now, he could help us solve this math problem. b. If I had a pair of wings, I would fly as high as I could.

a. He said that he was tired. b. She said that she couldnt find her book. c. He said that he missed his girlfriend

Negative
Form
Subject + (did) + not + Verb1 + Object + Modifier

Examples : a. I did not go to Kuta beach yesterday. b. This plant was not 2 meters tall last month.

Yes/No Questions
Form
Did + Subject + Verb1 + Object + Modifier?

Examples : a. Did farmers in Jati Bali grow rice crops 6 months ago? b. Werent you a bad badminton player last year?