Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 1

Axial Deformation
Chapter 5
Lecture 3
Statically Indeterminate Problems
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 2
Definition
A problem is said to statically indeterminate
if the unknown reactions cannot be found
from the equations of static equilibrium.
There are more unknown reactions than
there are equations!
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 3
A B
P P F + =
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 4
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 5
Deformations
A A
A
A
B B
B
B
A B
P L
EA
P L
EA
0
o =
o =
o + o =
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 6
Solution
B
A B
A A
A
A B
B A
B A
A
A
B
B B
B
F
P
L A
1
L
F
P
L A
1
L
P P F
P L P L
0
EA A
A A
E
= =
+ +
+ =
+ =
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 7
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 8
A
P
C
P
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 9
A
P
1
F
B
P
1
F
2
F
C
P
2
F
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 10
Equilibrium
2
1
2 1
F P
F P
P F F
C
A
B
=
=
=
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 11
Element Force-Deformation
Behavior
1
1
2
2
LF
AE
2LF
AE
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Compatibility Equation
Total 1 2
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 13
Compatibility in Terms of
Forces
Total
1 2
1 2
0
0
LF 2LF
0
AE AE
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 14
Solution
1
1
1 2
2
2
B
L 2L
F F 0
AE AE
F F P
F 2F 0
and
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 15
Solution
3
3
2
2
1
B
B
P
F
P
F
=
=
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 16
Displacement of Node B
B 1 2
B
1
B
B
u
2P L
AE 3
2LP
u
3AE
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 17
Equilibrium
Equations
Forces
Force-
Deformation
Equations
Compatibility
Equations
in terms of
Unknown
Forces
Compatibility
Equations
in terms of
Elongation
Solve
Simultaneously
Basic Force Method
(1)
(2)
(3)
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 18
Solution Procedure:
Basic Force Method
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 19
Set up the Fundamental Equations
1. Let N
E
be the number of independent
equilibrium equations. Using free-body
diagrams, write N
E
independent equilibrium
equations

2. Write an element force-deformation equation
for each axial-deformation element. o
i
=f
i
F
i

where f
i
=L
i
/(A
i
E
i
)

3. Use the geometry of deformation to write
down compatibility equations in terms of
elongations o
i
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 20
Solve for the Unknown Forces
4. Substitute the element force-deformation
equations into the geometric compatibility
equations. This gives the geometric-
compatibility equations in terms of unknown
forces.

5. Solve simultaneously the equilibrium
equations and the geometric-compatibility
equations in terms of unknown forces.

Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 21
Solve for the Displacements
6. To obtain system displacements, substitute
the element forces into the force-
deformation equations. Then use the
geometry of deformation to relate
elongations to system displacements.

7. Review the solution.
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 22
Example
The load P is hung from
the end of a rigid beam
AD supported by a pin at
A and two uniform hanger
rods. How much load to
the nearest 100 lb can be
applied without exceeding
an allowable tensile stress
of 30 ksi in either rod
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Plan the Solution
Load is unknown. Allowable stresses
are known.We must relate internal
forces in the two rods to the external
force P.
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Equilibrium
Free Body Diagram
y y 1 2
A 1 2
F 0 A F F P 0
M 0 aF bF cP 0
= + + =
= + =
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Element Force-Deformation
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 1
2
2 2
2
in in
f f
kip
in ksi
in in
f f
kip
. in ksi
3
1 1
3
1
3
2 2
3
2
L 80
F 8.00 10
AE
1.0 10 10
L 50
F 10.00 10
AE
0 5 10 10

| |
o = = = =
|

\ .
| |
o = = = =
|

\ .
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 26
Geometry
Deformation Diagram
2 1
b
a
| |
o = o
|
\ .
1
o
2
o
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Compatibility in Terms of Forces
2 1
b
a
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Simultaneous Equations
1 2
2 1
2 1
aF bF cP 0
L b L
F F
AE a AE
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Simultaneous Equations
1 2
2 22 22
1 1
2 1 2
2 2
1 1
2 1 22
L L L
a F b F c P 0
AE AE AE
L b L L
a F b F c P 0
AE a AE AE
L L L
a F b F ac P 0
AE AE AE
| | | | | |
+ =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
| | | || | | |
+ =
| | | |
\ . \ .\ . \ .
| | | | | |
+ =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 30
Simultaneous Equations
2
1
2 2
2 1
1
2
2 2
2 1
L
ac P
AE
F
L L
a b
AE AE
L
bc P
AE
F
L L
a b
AE AE
| |
|
\ .
=
| |
| | | |
+
|
| |
\ . \ .
\ .
| |
|
\ .
=
| |
| | | |
+
|
| |
\ . \ .
\ .
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 31
Numerical Values
1
2
15
F P
21
24
F P
21
| |
=
|
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 32
Stresses
2
2
in
in
kips
1
1
1
2
2 1
2
2 allowable allowable
15
P
F
21
A 1.0
24
P
F
21
A 0.5
P 13.1
| |
|
\ .
o = =
| |
|
\ .
o = = > o
o = o =
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 33
Example
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 34
Example
The bar has a modulus of elasticity of E = 12 x 10
6
psi.
Part A has a length of L
A
= 10 in and a 2 in diameter
circular cross section. Part B has a length of L
B
= 8 in
and a 4 in diameter circular cross section. Part A is fixed
at the left end and there is a gap of b = 0.02 in between
the right end of part B and the rigid wall. If a 160 kip
force is applied at the joint between part A and B
pointing to the right, what is the normal stresses in
parts A and B?

Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 35
Example
160 kip
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( ) ( )
( )
A
A A
A
2
A
6
2
A
P 160000 lb
160000 lb 10 in
P L
EA
2in
lb
12 10
in 4
0.0424in 0.02in
=
o = =
| |
t
| |
|
|
|
\ .
\ .
o = >
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 37
A B
A B
P P 160000lb
b
=
o + o =
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 38
( )
( )
( )
( )
A B
A B
A A B B
A B
A B
2 2
6 6
2 2
P P 160000lb
b
P L P L
b
EA EA
P 10 in P 8in
0.02 in
2in 4in
lb lb
12 10 12 10
in 4 in 4
=
o + o =
+ =
+ =
| | | |
t t
| | | |
| |
| |
| |
\ . \ .
\ . \ .
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 39
( )
( )
( )
( )
A B
2 2
6 6
2 2
7 8
A B
A B
P 10 in P 8in
0.02 in
2in 4in
lb lb
12 10 12 10
in 4 in 4
in in
2.652 10 P 5.305 10 P 0.02 in
lb lb
P P 160000lb

+ =
| | | |
t t
| | | |
| |
| |
| |
\ . \ .
\ . \ .
| | | |
+ =
| |
\ . \ .
=
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 40
( ) ( )
( )
( )
A B
7 8
A B
A
B
A
A
2
A
B
B
2
B
P P 160000
2.652 10 P 5.305 10 P 0.02
P 89500 lb
P 70500 lb
P 89500 lb
28490 psi
A
2in
4
P 70500 lb
5610 psi
A
4in
4

=
+ =
=
=
o = = =
| |
t
|
|
\ .

o = = =
| |
t
|
|
\ .
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 41
Example
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 42
Example
Two aluminum bars (E
Al
= 10.0 x 10
6
psi) are attached to a
rigid support at the left and a cross-bar on the right. An
iron bar (E
Fe
= 28.5 x 10
6
psi)is attached to the rigid
support and at the left end there is a gap of b = 0.02 in.
The cross sectional area of each bar is 0.5 in
2
and the
length is 10 in. If the iron bar is stretched until it contacts
the cross bar and welded to it what are the normal stresses
in the bars?
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 44
Solution
Equilibrium
Deformations
Compatibility
Al Fe
Fe Al
Al Fe
Al Fe
Al Fe
2P P 0
P L P L
E A E A
b
+ =
o = o =
o + = o
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 45
Solution
Fe Al
Al Fe
Al Fe
P L P L
b
E A E A
2P P 0
Fall 2002 Axialy Loaded Bars 46
6
Al
2 6
Fe
Al Fe
Fe Al
Al Fe
Al Fe
Al Fe
L 10in E 10.0 10 psi b 0.02in
A 0.5in E 28.5 10 psi
2P P 0
P L P L
b
E A E A
P 5880 lb P 11760 lb
11760 psi 23520 psi
= = =
= =
+ =
+ =
= =
o = o =