Laterally Restrained Beam

Laterally Restrained Beams
Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG
Prof. Hardy Cross

.the structural elements are very faithful. They would do what you expect them to do ..But then you have to asses whether they would be able to do that.
Conditions to Qualify as a Laterally Restrained Beam

It should not laterally buckle None of its elements should buckle until a desired limit state is achieved Limit state of serviceability must be satisfied Member should behave in accordance with the expected performance of the system
Laterally Stability of Beams
Local Buckling In IS:800 (1984) the local buckling is avoided by specifying b/t limits. Hence we dont consider local buckling explicitly
However in IS:800(2000??) limit state design, the local buckling would be the first aspect as far as the beam design is concerned
How do we consider? By using section classification
K=0.425
K=4.0 8 times Stronger!
Mr.Stiffened
Mr.Unstiffened
Vent
Local buckling
Vent
Full Section Capacity
Full section capacity eroded by local Buckling

8
Unsitffened Elements
Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG 9
Sitffened Elements
Definition of Yield and Plastic Moment Capacities

MP
My
MP
SEMI-COMPACT PLASTIC
MP
MP
My
COMPACT
SLENDER
12
MP
MP
MP
13
Section Classification as per BS:5950 Part-5 No Slender sections are rolled
Share of plastic sections is large
Section classification prevents the inadvertent use of sections less than compact for plastic design
14
B b = B/2 d T Section type Slender Semi-compact Compact Plastic Flange criterion (b/T) >15.75 <15.75 <9.975 <8.92 Web criterion (d/t) >126 <126 102.9 <102.9 82.95 <82.95 t
250 fy
9.975 8.92
Sectional Classification for Indian Conditions
15
Rotational Capacity MP Compact Plastic moment

fy
MY
Moment M
fy
Semi-Compact
<fy
fy
Yield moment
Slender
fy
<fy
Curvature
Flexural member performance using section classification
16
plastic compact semicompac t

12
49
PLASTIC COMPACT SEMICOMPACT
49 12 4
Section classification of Indian standard rolled I beams
17
Limit states for LR beams

Limit state of flexure Limit state of shear Limit state of bearing Limit state of serviceability
18
Deflected shape
M Radius of curvature A (a) h N
z A
(b)
Curvature of bending
19
f
fy Stress 1
Elastic range 2
Plastic range
3
Idealised stress strain curve
strain
Idealised elasto- plastic stress strain curve for the purpose of design
20
1<y f1<fy
2=y
f2=fy
Strain and stress distributions in the elastic range
21
3>y f3<fy
f3=fy
B T fy t
d0
zc
3 zT
d0
Strain
Stress
4>>y
f4=fy
AC
Zc ZT
A
T
Strain
Stress
Strain and stress distributions in plastic range

1 M 3 My MP 1
<fy fy
(a) BM diagram 4
fy
fy
(b) Plastification of cross section 1 2
Curvature max at collapse
(c) Curvature Diagram 23
Plastic Hinge Simply supported beam and its deflection at various stages
24
MP
Moment M
MY
Plastic moment
Effect of strain hardening may occur after large rotation
Yield moment
Curvature Moment curvature characteristics of the simply supported beam
25
Mc f Z
My fy Z
M c f y ( BT d0 t )( zc zt ) f ytd 2 6
3 4
M p CZc TZt f y ( AcZc At Zt )
26
2.0
1.7
1.5
1.27 Some typical shape factor1.14

LIMIT STATE OF SHEAR
Elastic Shear stress
Elastic Bending stress
Plastic range
Combined bending and shear in beams
28
EQUATIONS FOR SHEAR CAPACITY
V av t wd w
y
fy 3 0.58 f y
Vc 0.6 f ytwd w
29
Shear yielding near support
Web buckling
Web crippling
30
31
Pwb ( b1 n1 ) t f c
d/2
b1
n1 450
L 0.7 d E ry ry Iy t3 t A 12t 2 3
d/2
ry
LE 2 3 d 0.7 d 2.5 ry t t
Effective width for web buckling
32
33
P crip ( b1 n2 ) t f yw
b1 n2 1:2.5 slope
Effective width of web bearing
Root radius
Web Crippling in beams
34
LIMIT STATE OF SERVICEABILTY
Deflection (L/365 or L/200???)

Excessive vibration Repairable damage due to fatigue
L 24 2 x105 1 4923 d 5 0.6 f y 325 fy

Limiting L/d ratio
35
Secondary effects on beam behaviour Residual Stresses Qualitative change in the behaviour Little more stringent b/t limits
36
Elastic Shear stress
Elastic Bending stress
Plastic range
Secondary effects on beam behaviour Combined bending and shear in beams
37
Mx y
Mx My
My
Unsymmetrical bending
38
Behaviour of point symmetric sections

39
Centroid
P
P P
Deflection of beams loaded through the centroid

41
Shear centre P
Deflections of beams loaded through the shear canter
42
Constrained bending
43
d/2 x d/2
Interface shear x to be considered x here Plate area A (a) (b)
Rolled section Moment of inertia - Is Modulus of section - Zs
Example of built up beams
44
Load w/metre
Mc TheoreticalMc Point of cutoff Rolled beam
BM Diagram Cover plate
Actual cutoff
Curtailment of cover plate
45
Thank You
46

Laterally Restrained Beam

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Laterally Restrained Beam

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Laterally Restrained Beams

Prof. Hardy Cross

Conditions to Qualify as a Laterally Restrained Beam

Laterally Stability of Beams

K=4.0 8 times Stronger!

Full Section Capacity

Full section capacity eroded by local Buckling

Definition of Yield and Plastic Moment Capacities

Section Classification as per BS:5950 Part-5 No Slender sections are rolled

Share of plastic sections is large

Sectional Classification for Indian Conditions

Rotational Capacity MP Compact Plastic moment

Flexural member performance using section classification

plastic compact semicompac t

PLASTIC COMPACT SEMICOMPACT

Section classification of Indian standard rolled I beams

Limit states for LR beams

M Radius of curvature A (a) h N

Strain and stress distributions in the elastic range

Strain and stress distributions in plastic range

Curvature max at collapse

(c) Curvature Diagram 23

Effect of strain hardening may occur after large rotation

Curvature Moment curvature characteristics of the simply supported beam

M p CZc TZt f y ( AcZc At Zt )

1.27 Some typical shape factor1.14

LIMIT STATE OF SHEAR

Elastic Shear stress

Elastic Bending stress

Combined bending and shear in beams

EQUATIONS FOR SHEAR CAPACITY

Shear yielding near support

Effective width of web bearing

Web Crippling in beams

LIMIT STATE OF SERVICEABILTY

Deflection (L/365 or L/200???)

L 24 2 x105 1 4923 d 5 0.6 f y 325 fy

Elastic Shear stress

Elastic Bending stress

Secondary effects on beam behaviour Combined bending and shear in beams

Behaviour of point symmetric sections

Deflection of beams loaded through the centroid

Deflections of beams loaded through the shear canter

Interface shear x to be considered x here Plate area A (a) (b)

Rolled section Moment of inertia - Is Modulus of section - Zs

Example of built up beams

Mc TheoreticalMc Point of cutoff Rolled beam

BM Diagram Cover plate

Curtailment of cover plate

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