VoIP PRESENTATION

BY HSEYN SAVRAN 220702044

OUTLINE

PSTN an brief history of telephone

PSTN ( Public Switched Telephone Network)

Known structure of conventional telephone network.

stanbul, yeditepe

PSTN

Ankara, METU

Call Direction

PSTN history

Since the telephone was invented in the late 1800s, telephone communication has not changed substantially .

A Change of Perspective
Traditional View
Data

Cable

Broadcast

Telephony
Wireless

A Change of Perspective
Current View
Data

Cable

Broadcast

Telephony
Wireless

A Change of Perspective
Reality
Web

Voice

Data

Video

Email

File Transfer

These Count as Phones?

MOTIVATION

What is VoIP

IP TELPHONY (VOICE over IP) Transmission of voice telephone calls using internet infrastructure.

Why need to IP Telephony?

Economic (uses internet, IP routers...) Further savings. Because underlying network infrastructure can be shared. a single set of equipment, wiring, network connection enough.

Example: a company with reduced telephone costs.

Why need to IP Telephony?

Cont.

Not only voice but also video is transmitted using similar concepts. Spreads at a fast pace. For instance there isnt any internet cafe which doesnt have tiny video cameras over their monitors.

Why need to IP Telephony?

Cont.

Independent. Much larger selection of service providers to provide voice and video communication services . No geographical restriction! Located virtually anywhere in the world!

Keep in mind!

IP Telephony must be backward compatible with existing PSTN. There are several communication schemes:

VoIP to VoIP
Broadband Network

VoIP

VoIP

Call Direction IP Protocol

VoIP to POTS with Internet

Internet/Broadband
New Delhi

stanbul, yeditepe

PSTN

VoIP

Server/Gateway India Call Direction IP Protocol

VoIP to POTS without Internet

Server/Gateway
stanbul, kayda Miami, FL

PSTN

VoIP

CO
Call Direction

LATA

Miami

IP Protocol

Basic Idea Behind VoIP

Continuously sample audio. Convert each sample to digital form. Send the resulting digitized stream accross an IP network in packets. Convert the stream back to analog for playback. Before the procedure above, the system must handle call setup. Phnumber to IP.

Encoding, Transmission, and Playback

Two groups have introduced standards for IP telephony

International Telecommunications Union(ITU), controls telephone standards. Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF), controls TCP/IP standards.

Encoding Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) TransmissionReal-Time Transport Protocol (RTP)

Note: RTP is not a tranport-layer protocol. It is a tranfer protocol that operates at Layer 5.

Each RTP message is encapsulated in UDP datagram, which is then encapsulated in an IP datagram for transmission.

Why UDP instead of TCP?

Higher overhead of TCP does not make sense for telephone call. Because audio must stream! No wait for missing packets. Play missing part as silence.

Why UDP instead of TCP?

UDP Offerrs best-effort delivery. to handle duplication, delay, out-of-order delivery, each RTP message contains:
A sequence number A real-time clock value

What does real-time clock value do?

Allows a receiver to construct the axact temporal sequence of the data.
f a packet is missing , the receiver knows exactly how long to wait before starting to play the next packet

Signaling Systems and Protocols

Signaling: The process of establishing and terminating a call. Includes:

Mapping a phone number to location Finding a route to the called party Handling other details such as call forwarding

Signaling System 7 (SS7) for traditional telephone system.

Signaling Protocols
IETFSession Initiation Protocol (SIP) ITUH.323 Aboves must be able to interact with SS7

Internet/Broadband
New Delhi stanbul, yeditepe

PSTN

VoIP

Call Direction

Server/Gateway India

IP Protocol

A Basic IP Telephone System

Two basic components interconnected by an IP internet. *IP telephone *Media Gateway Controller
Media Gateway Controller

IP telephone

INTERNET

IP telephone

Media Gateway Controller

Media gateway handles voice

IP telephone

INTERNET

PSTN

Analog telephone

Signaling gateway handles setup