MODULAR CO-ORDINATION

IN MODULAR COORDINATION, THE BASIC MODULE IS TO BE ADOPTED. AFTER ADOPTING THIS,FURTHER WORK IS NECESSARY TO OUTLINE SUITABLE RANGE OF MULTI MODULES WITH GREATER INCREMENTS,OFTEN REFERRED TO AS PREFERRED INCREMENTS.

A SET OF RULES AS DETAILED BELOW WOULD BE ADEQUATE FOR MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF CONVENTIONAL & PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTION. THESE RULES RELATE TO THE FOLLOWING BASIC ELEMENTS: 1. 2. THE PLANNING GRID IN BOTH DIRECTIONS OF THE HORIZONTAL PLAN SHALL BE: 15 M FOR INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS, 3M FOR OTHER BUILDINGS THE PLANNING MODULE IN THE VERTICAL DIRECTION SHALL BE 2 M FOR INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS & 1 M FOR OTHER BUILDINGS. PREFERRED INCREMENTS FOR CILL HEIGHTS, DOORS, WINDOWS AND OTHER FENESTRATIONS SHALL BE 1 M. IN CASE OF INTERNAL COLUMNS, THE GRIDLINE SHOULD COINCIDE WITH THE CENTRE LINES OF COLUMNS. IN CASE OF EXTERNAL COLUMNS & COLUMNS NEAR THE LIFT AND STAIRWELLS, THE GRIDLINES SHALL COINCIDE WITH CENTRE LINES OF THE COLUMN IN THE TOPMOST STOREY.

COMPONENTS
THE PREFERRED DIMENTIONS OF PRECAST ELEMENTS SHALL BE AS FOLLOWS: FLOORING AND ROOFING SCHEME:- PRECAST SLABS AND OTHER STRUCTURAL ROOFING UNITS: BEAMS LENGTH:- NOMINAL LENGTH SHALL BE IN MULTIPLES OF 1 M. WIDTH:- NOMINAL WIDTH SHALL BE IN MULTIPLES OF 0.1 M ; & OVERALL DEPTH:- OVERALL DEPTH OF THE FLOOR ZONE SHALL BE IN MULTIPLES OF 0.1 M. LENGTH:- NOMINAL LENGTH SHALL BE IN MULTIPLES OF 1M. WIDTH:- NOMINAL WIDTH SHALL BE IN MULTIPLES OF 0.5 M ; & OVERALL THICKNESS:- OVERALL THICKNESS SHALL BE IN MULTIPLES OF 0.1 M.

COLUMNS HEIGHT:- HEIGHT OF COLUMN FOR INDUSTRIAL AND OTHER BUILDINGS 1 M ; & LATERAL DIMENSIONS:- OVERALL LATERAL DIMENSIONS OR DIAMETER OF COLUMNS SHALL BE IN MULTIPLES OF 0.1 M.

WALLS THICKNESS:- NOMINAL THICKNESS OF WALL SHALL BE IN MULTIPLES OF 0.1 M.

STAIRCASE: LINTEL LENGTH:- NOMINAL LENGTH SHALL BE IN MULTIPLES OF 1 M. WIDTH:- NOMINAL WIDTH SHALL BE IN MULTIPLES OF 0.1 M ; & DEPTH:- DEPTH OF THE FLOOR ZONE SHALL BE IN MULTIPLES OF 0.1 M. WIDTH:- NOMINAL WIDTH SHALL BE IN MULTIPLES OF 1 M .

SUNSHADES/CHAJJA PROJECTIONS LENGTH:- NOMINAL LENGTH SHALL BE IN MULTIPLES OF 1 M ; & PROJECTION:- NOMINAL LENGTH SHALL BE IN MULTIPLES OF 0.5 M.

PREFABRICATION SYSTEMS
THE WORD SYSTEM IS REFERRED TO A PARTICULAR METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS USING THE PREFABRICATED COMPONENTS WHICH ARE INTER-RELATED IN FUNCTIONS AND ARE PRODUCED TO A SET OF INSTRUCTIONS.

THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS, AMONG OTHERS, ARE TO BE CONSIDERED IN DEVISING A SYSTEM:

1. 2. 3. EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION OF SPACES ; STRAIGHT AND SIMPLE WALLING SCHEME ; LIMITED SIZES AND NUMBERS OF COMPONENTS ;

PREFABRICATION SYSTEMS
LIMITED OPENINGS IN BEARING WALLS ; REGULATED LOCATIONS OF PARTITIONS ; STANDARDIZED SERVICE AND STAIR UNITS ;

LIMITED SIZES OF DOORS AND WINDOWS WITH REGULATED POSITIONS ;

STRUCTURAL CLARITY AND EFFICIENCY ; SUITABILITY FOR ADOPTION IN LOW RISE AND HIGH RISE BUILDINGS ; EASE OF MANUFACTURING, STORING AND TRANSPORTING ; SPEED AND EASE OF ERECTION ; SIMPLE JOINTING SYSTEM .

THE EXTENT OF PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTION DEPENDS ON THE EXTENT OF THE USE OF PREFABRICATED COMPONENTS, THEIR MATERIALS, SIZES AND THE TECHNIQUE ADOPTED FOR THEIR MANUFACTURE AND USE IN BUILDINGS

TYPES OF PREFABRICATION COMPONENTS

WALLING UNITS. ROOFING & FLOORING UNITS. MISLLANEOUS.

TYPES OF PREFABRICATION COMPONENTS

WALLING UNITS:REINFORCED/PRESTRESSED CONCRETE COLUMNS. REINFORCED/PRESTRESSED CONCRETE WALL ELEMENTS. LARGE PANEL FABRICATORS. PREFABRICATED BRICK PANEL UNIT. ROOFING & FLOORING UNITS:REINFORCED CONCRETE WAFFLE SLAB/SHELLS. REINFORCED/PRESTRESSED CONCRETE SLAB UNITS. REINFORCED/PRESTRESSED CONCRETE HOLLOW CORE SLAB. PRECAST JOISTS AND PLANKS FOR FLOORING AND ROOFING. PRECAST JOISTS AND TRUSSED GIRDERS. PRECAST LINTELS AND CHAJJAS. REINFORCED/PRESTRESSED CONCRETE TRUSSES.

REINFORCED/PRESTRESSED ROOF PURLINS.

MISLLANEOUS:REINFORCED/PRESTRESSED CONCRETE CHANNEL UNIT.

TYPES OF PREFABRICATION COMPONENTS

MISLLANEOUS:REINFORCED/PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAMS. HOLLOW/SOLID BLOCKS AND BATTENS. LIGHT WEIGHT/CELLULAR CONCRETE SLABS. PRECAST CONCRETE L-PANEL UNIT. PREFABRICATED BRICK PANEL UNIT. PREFABRICATED SANDWICHED CONCRETE PANEL, & PRECAST FOUNDATION THERE MAY BE OTHER TYPES OF COMPONENTS WHICH MAY BE USED WITH THE APPROVAL OF THE AUTHORITY. THERE ARE TWO CATEGORIES OF OPEN PREFAB SYSTEM DEPENDING ON THE EXTENT OF PREFABRICATION USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION PARTIAL PREFABRICATION SYSTEM: THIS SYSTEM IS BASICALLY USES PRECAST ROOFING AND FLOORING COMPONENTS AND OTHER MINOR ELEMENTS LIKE CHAJJAS, KITCHEN CILLS IN CONVENTIONAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM COULD BE IN THE FORM OF IN-SITU FRAMEWORK OR LOAD BEARING WALLS.
FULL PREFABRICATION SYSTEMS: IN THIS SYSTEM ALMOST ALL THE STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS ARE PREFABRICATED. THE FILLER WALLS MAY BE OF BRICK/BLOCK MASONRY OR OF ANY OTHER LOCALLY AVAILABLE MATERIAL.

Depending on the extend of prefabrication this system can be full prefab system & partial prefab system. PRECAST WALLS Based on structural functions can be Load bearing Non load bearing Shear walls. Based on construction can be Homogeneous walls could be solid, hollow or ribbed; and Non homogeneous walls composite or sandwich panels. Based on location & function can be External walls may be load bearing or non load bearing. Internal walls resistance against vertical / horizontal loads, fire,etc.

WALLING UNITS

PRECAST FLOORS Based on composition, can be Homogeneous floors could be solid, cored, waffled or ribbed;

Non homogeneous floors multilayered with combination of light weight concrete or reinforced / prestressed concrete, with filler blocks .

Based on the way load transferred, One way system transfers loads to supporting members in one direction only.

E.g channel slabs, hollow core slabs, channels & ties system.
Two way system imparting loads on the four edges. E.g. two way ribbed or waffle slab.

STAIRCASE SYSTEMS Consist of single flights with inbuilt risers and treads. Flights are normally unidirectional transferring loads to supporting landing.
Metal balusters-

Plastic-coated embossed black chromium-plated 2.5 cm in diameter:

STANDARD STAIRCASE COMPONENT TO RISE 2660 MM

LAYOUTS OF SOME TYPICAL STAIRCASE UNITS

BOX TYPE SYSTEM

Room sizes are prefabricated and erected on site.

Toilet and kitchen blocks could be prefabricated and erected at site.
PREFABRICATED UNITS BEING ASSEMBLED ON SITE MODULAR OFFICE MADE UPOF USING PREFABRICATED UNITS

A MODULAR HOUSING UNIT

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Structure should be analyzed as a monolithic one and the joints in them designed to take the forces of a equivalent discrete system. Resistance to horizontal loading shall be provided by having appropriate moment and shear resisting joints or placing shear walls in two directions at right angles.

The individual components shall be designed, taking into consideration the appropriate end conditions and loads in accordance with structural design, section 1 loads, forces and effects
Members should also be designed for handling, errection and impact loads that might be expected during handling & errection. DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS The below mentioned recommendations should be kept in mind for ensuring stability of such structure. Adequate buttressing of external wall panels is important since these elements are not fully restrained on both sides by floor panels. Note : external wall panel connections are the weakest poinrs of aa precast panel building.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS CONTD

Provide restraint to all load bearing elements at the corners of the building. These elements & the external ends of cross wall units should be stiffened either by introducing columns as connecting units or by jointing them to non structural wall units which in emergency may support the load. In prefabricated construction, the possibility of gas or other explosions which can remove primary structure shall be taken into account. Provision in design to reduce the probability of progressive collapse is essential in buildings of over six storeys and is of relatively higher priority than for buildings of lower height. Ensure that any local damage to a structure does not spread to other parts of the structure remote from the point of mishap and that the stability is not impaired.

Additional protection may be required in respect of damage from vehicles.

The designer should maintain a close liaison( communication) with the builder/ contactor regarding the errection procedures to be followed.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Provide proper connection to avoid the failures during construction time i.e, Pack of cards type collapse absence of restraining elements, such as partitions, cladding or shear walls , means that the structure is not stable. Precaution joint required to resist moments and shears during errection stage. One element falls during errection and lands on an element below due to further loading on lower element a chain reaction of further collapse is set. Precaution the detail of the unit and its seating should be sufficiently robust to withstand maximum stresses.

CONSIDERATIONS TAKEN IN COMPONENTS PLANNING

Modular co-ordination

Repetition
Component weight Standardization Design Integration of components

Economical
Higher productivity Hassle free construction Quality housing Environmental friendly

Integration of other building services

MODULAR CO-ORDINATION
. MODULAR GRID

Storey height = 2.8m Maintain consistency in components height HORIZONTAL GRID DIMENSION Maintain the same except at living room for different unit types

REPETITION
FAADE - clean & simple height faade

- identical throughout the overall height with slight modification at the wall junction at some floors for architectural treatment.

COMPONENT WEIGHT
WALL Numerous large wall panels.
Length of wall range . from 1.5m to 9.8m

Use hollow core wall concept -reduce the weight -reduce no of components
Max hollow core wall length = 5.5m (weight 5.8 tons)

HOUSEHOLD SHELTER

CASE I SINGLE UNIT

Component 1 Weight = 3 tons Repetition = 302

Component 2

Weight = 8 tons Repetition Base = 224 Modify = 78

TYPES OF PRECAST COMPONENTS

TYPICAL FLOOR 1 2 3 Beam Duct Faade Ring ABOVE ROOF Ferrocement roofing slab Plank water tank Roof fascia

4 Household shelter

5
6

Partition
Plank

Screen wall
Water tank beam Water tank stump

7 Prefab bathroom 8 9 10 Refuse chute Staircase flight Wall

STANDARDIZATION
. Structural member . . . . . PRECAST PRESTRESSED PLANKS . Standard width : 0.4, 1.0 & 2.4m . Additional width : 0.8 & 1.5m Slab - 150, 175 & 200mm thk Beam - 300 x 450, 500 & 600mm Wall - 300mm thk

Non-structural member
. Faade - 100mm thk . Infill wall - 100mm thk . Partition wall - 75mm thk

. Thickness : 70mm for 150thk slab 90mm for 175thk slab 110mm for 200thk slab

. PRECAST HOLLOW CORE WALL Standardized core size = 500mm Standardized end details Standardized the mesh details in the core wall skin

DESIGN
FLOOR SLAB SYSTEM Unprop plank Cast in situ reinforced structural topping

WALL JOINT Wall to wall Standardized reinforcement and castellated profiles Loop and dowel bar connection

Wall to faade No external formwork Loop and stitch bar connection

WATERPROOFING OF HORIZONTAL JOINT