12. ADO.

NET
Architecture Connection factory Config file DataReader DataSet DataGrid Autogeneration of SQL

.Net programming

ADO.NET

NOEA / PQC 2009

Data access

.Net programming

ADO.NET

NOEA / PQC 2009

Data Providers
OLE DB: A COM object, that maps the OLE DB api to the DBMS' api Is Microsoft propritary. ODBC: Works similar to a printer driver undependent of DBMS and OS .NET Data provider: A set of classes that implements a set of interfaces and abstract classes Some are provided by Microsoft and are installed with the .Net framework. Others are written by the DBMS provider

.Net programming

ADO.NET

NOEA / PQC 2009

Microsoft Data Providers

Data Provider OLE DB Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server Mobile ODBC Oracle Namespace System.Data.OleDb System.Data.SqlClient System.Data.SqlServerCe System.Data.Odbc System.Data.OracleClient Assembly System.Data.dll System.Data.dll System.Data.SqlServerCe.dll System.Data.dll System.Data.OracleClient.dll

.Net programming

ADO.NET

NOEA / PQC 2009

Other providers
Data Provider Firebird Interbase IBM DB2 Universal Database MySQL PostgreSQL Sybase Oracle (deres egen) Website http://www.mono-project.com/Firebird_Interbase http://www-306.ibm.com/software/data/db2 http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/net/1.0.html http://www.mono-project.com/PostgreSQL http://www.mono-project.com/Sybase http://www.oracle.com/technology/tech/windows/odpnet/index.html

.Net programming

ADO.NET

NOEA / PQC 2009

Classes and interfaces

Object Connection Command DataReader DataAdapter Parameter Transaction Base Class DbConnection DbCommand DbDataReader DbDataAdapter DbParameter DbTransaction Implemented Interfaces IDbConnection Forbindelse IDbCommand SQL kommando IDataReader Forward reader IDataAdapter Sammen med Dataset IDataParameter Parametre i kommando IDbTransaction En transaktion

.Net programming

ADO.NET

NOEA / PQC 2009

Overview of using databases

4 steps: 1. Open connection to database 2. Execute SQL for updating DB or fetching records 3. Handle data 4. Close connection

.Net programming

ADO.NET

NOEA / PQC 2009

Step 1: Open Connection

Connection are opened according to connection string info here is a connection to a MS Access database opened The database is located here: @"c:\AnyPlace\MyDb.mdb" @ means that escape characters are discarded
using System.Data; using System.Data.OleDb;

string sConnection; sConnection = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" + "Data Source="+@"c:\AnyPlace\MyDb.mdb");

connection

OleDbConnection dbConn; dbConn = new OleDbConnection(sConnection); dbConn.Open();

.Net programming

ADO.NET

NOEA / PQC 2009

Step 2: Get / fetch data

Data are fetched by creating a Command object and use it to execute a SQL statement. Data can be stored in either a DataReader object or a DataSet object.

.Net programming

ADO.NET

NOEA / PQC 2009

Differences between DataReader and DataSet/DataAdapter

DataReader can only be used for reading data. It can only be traversed once (forward). DataAdapter is the connection between DataSet and database. Data are fetched to the DataSet, might be modified and sent back to the database. Possible to traverse forward and backward. A DataSet can contain multible tables.

.Net programming

ADO.NET

NOEA / PQC 2009

10

Step 2: Get records Method 1: DataSet

Get records by SQL Select query and DataAdapter Data can be read and changed
string sql; sql = " Select lastname, firstname" + " From employee" + " Order By lastname Asc, firstname Asc;"; OleDbCommand dbCmd; dbCmd = new OleDbCommand(dbConn, sql); adapter.SelectCommand = dbCmd); dataset =new DataSet("MyTable"); adapter.Fill(dataset);

dataset

record record record

.Net programming

ADO.NET

NOEA / PQC 2009

11

Step 2: Get records Method 2: DataReader

Get records via SQL Select query read-only access to the database
string sql; sql = " Select lastname, firstname" + " From employee" + " Order By lastname Asc, firstname Asc;"; OleDbCommand dbCmd; dbCmd = new OleDbCommand(sql, dbConn);
OleDbDataReader dbReader; dbReader = dbCmd.ExecuteReader();
data reader record record record

.Net programming

ADO.NET

NOEA / PQC 2009

12

What is achieved?
We have created a connection to a database. The connection is placed in the connection object. We have done a search by using a SQL-statement. The search was executed by using a command object. The result of the search was stored in a DataSet or as here a DataReader object. Now it is possible to get the data from this object for viewing, passing on to client or handle in other ways. The following example shows how it can be done in a aspx file.
ADO.NET NOEA / PQC 2009 13

.Net programming

DataGrid
A simple example:
<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" %> <%@ Import Namespace="System.Data" %> <%@ Import Namespace="System.Data.OleDb" %> Script kommer ind her.......

<html <head id="Head1" runat="server"> <title>Untitled Page</title> </head> <body> <form id="form1" runat="server"> <asp:DataGrid ID="MyDataGrid" runat="server"></asp:DataGrid> </form> </body> </html>
.Net programming ADO.NET NOEA / PQC 2009 14

Datagrid (2)
The script by using DataReader:
<script runat="server"> OleDbDataReader data; protected void Page_Load(Object Src, EventArgs E) { String sConnection = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" + "Data Source=" + Server.MapPath("firma.mdb"); //Step 1: Open connection OleDbConnection dbConn = new OleDbConnection(sConnection); dbConn.Open(); //Step 2: Get data OleDbCommand dbCom = new OleDbCommand("select * from employee", dbConn); data = dbCom.ExecuteReader(); MyDataGrid.DataSource = data; MyDataGrid.DataBind(); } </script>
.Net programming ADO.NET NOEA / PQC 2009 15

Datagrid (2)
The script by using DataSet:
<script runat="server"> OleDbDataReader data; protected void Page_Load(Object Src, EventArgs E) { String sConnection = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" + "Data Source=" + Server.MapPath("firma.mdb"); //Step 1: Open connection OleDbConnection dbConn = new OleDbConnection(sConnection); dbConn.Open(); //Step 2: Get data OleDbCommand dbCom = new OleDbCommand("select * from employee", dbConn); OleDbDataAdapter adapter = new OleDbDataAdapter(); adapter.SelectCommand = dbCom; DataSet data = new DataSet(); adapter.Fill(data); MyDataGrid.DataSource = data; MyDataGrid.DataBind(); } </script>
.Net programming ADO.NET NOEA / PQC 2009 16

Factory
Problem: Unlike ODBC, knowledge of the implementation might be spread to many places in the application. That's because of the set of dedicated classes The solution is to use a factory (from factory pattern) In ADO.NET 2.0, it is implemented in the framework. Otherwise you have to implement it yourself (see Troelsen). A coupIe of examples follows: 1. Which .Net providers are available 2. Use factory to create a Connection and a Command object

.Net programming

ADO.NET

NOEA / PQC 2009

17

Which .NET data providers are installed?

The information is collected from machine.config
using System.Data; using System.Data.Common; ..... DataTable dt = DbProviderFactories.GetFactoryClasses(); foreach (DataRow dr in dt.Rows) { Console.WriteLine("{0}\t\t{1}\t\t{2}", dr[0], dr[1],dr[2]); }

Odbc Data Provider OleDb Data Provider OracleClient Data Provider SqlClient Data Provider

.Net Framework Data Provider for Odbc .Net Framework Data Provider for OleDb .Net Framework Data Provider for Oracle .Net Framework Data Provider for SqlServer

System.Data.Odbc System.Data.OleDb System.Data.OracleClient System.Data.SqlClient

.Net programming

ADO.NET

NOEA / PQC 2009

18

Use factory to create Connection and Command objects

Here is no references in the source code to concrete classes provider and connectionString may be placed in the config file
string provider = "System.Data.OleDb"; string connectionString = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0; Data Source=firma.mdb"; DbProviderFactory factory= DbProviderFactories.GetFactory(provider); DbConnection conn=factory.CreateConnection(); conn.ConnectionString=connectionString; conn.Open(); Console.WriteLine(conn.State); DbCommand command = factory.CreateCommand(); command.CommandText = "SELECT * FROM employee"; command.Connection = conn; DbDataReader dataReader = command.ExecuteReader(); while (dataReader.Read()){ Console.WriteLine(dataReader[1]); }
.Net programming ADO.NET NOEA / PQC 2009 19

Connection strings
Connection strings depends on the provider and are not well documented Where to get help? www.connectionstrings.com www.carlprothman.net/Default.aspx?tabid=81 Providers documentation

Visual Studio can generate some of them

.Net programming

ADO.NET

NOEA / PQC 2009

20

.Config fil
Configuration files are used several places in .Net i.e in ASP.NET for setting site properties and security In Remoting for setting remote object properties In ADO.NET to set provider and connection string You might also use own application dependent properties In a .Net application the config file should be called <full assemblyname.config>, i.e test.exe.config or test.dll.config If you call it app.config in Visual Studio, it automatically copied and renamed when the application is built. In ASP.NET it must be named web.config. You might define one in different sub folders, but the security part (authentification e.g.) must be in the root folder of the site.

.Net programming

ADO.NET

NOEA / PQC 2009

21

.config fil and ADO.NET

Example of SQLExpress connection string:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <configuration> <configSections> Internal name </configSections> Database <connectionStrings> Machine name <add name="TestConnection" connectionString="Data Source=pcm06463\sqlexpress;Initial Catalog=dbtest; User ID=test;Password=" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" /> </connectionStrings> </configuration> Nessesary for sqlexpress

.Net programming

ADO.NET

NOEA / PQC 2009

22

Get provider and connection string

From ConfigurationManager:
.... string provider = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["TestConnection"].ProviderName; string connStr = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["TestConnection"].ConnectionString; .....

.Net programming

ADO.NET

NOEA / PQC 2009

23

A (nearly) complete example in ASP.NET

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (!IsPostBack) { string provider = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["TestConnection"].ProviderName; string connStr = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["TestConnection"].ConnectionString; DbProviderFactory factory = DbProviderFactories.GetFactory(provider); DbConnection conn = factory.CreateConnection(); conn.ConnectionString = connStr; conn.Open(); DbCommand command = factory.CreateCommand(); command.CommandText = "SELECT * FROM datotest"; command.Connection = conn;

DataSet ds = new DataSet("TestDataSet"); DbDataAdapter da = factory.CreateDataAdapter(); da.SelectCommand = command; da.Fill(ds); MitGitter.DataSource = ds; MitGitter.DataBind(); }
}
.Net programming ADO.NET NOEA / PQC 2009 24

The Aspx file

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="_Default" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" > <body> <form id="form1" runat="server"> <div> <asp:GridView ID="MitGitter" runat="server"/> </div> </form> </body> </html>

.Net programming

ADO.NET

NOEA / PQC 2009

25

Parameters in SQL statements

Makes it possible to use the same SQL-statement in multible situations. But harder to debug

string sqlString = "INSERT INTO datotest Values (@dato)"; SqlParameter sqlParam = new SqlParameter("@dato", System.Data.SqlDbType.DateTime); sqlParam.Value = DateTime.Now;
SqlCommand comm = _conn.CreateCommand(); comm.CommandText = sqlString; comm.Parameters.Add(sqlParam); int result = comm.ExecuteNonQuery(); ExecuteNonQuery is used for insert, delete and update

.Net programming

ADO.NET

NOEA / PQC 2009

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