11/5/2013

HEAT EXCHANGERS
Commissioning and Start-up department

INTRODUCTION
A heat exchanger is a device that is used to transfer thermal energy (enthalpy) between two or more fluids, between a solid surface and a fluid, or between solid particulates and a fluid, at different temperatures and in thermal contact. Driving force in any heat transfer equipment is temperature difference.

CLASSIFICATION

CLASSIFICATION
Direct contact type In a direct-contact exchanger, two fluid streams come into direct contact exchange heat, and are then separated. Common applications of a direct contact exchanger involve mass transfer in addition to heat transfer, such as in evaporative cooling and rectification; applications involving only sensible heat transfer are rare.

CLASSIFICATION
Direct contact type Advantages 1.very high heat transfer rates are achievable. 2.The exchanger construction is relatively inexpensive. 3.The fouling problem is generally nonexistent, due to the absence of a heat transfer surface wall between the two fluids. Disadvantages The application is limited to those cases where a direct contact of two fluid streams is permissible.

CLASSIFICATION

CLASSIFICATION

CLASSIFICATION

CLASSIFICATION

CLASSIFICATION

SELECTION CRITERIA
Application (i.e. sensible vapor or liquid, condensing or boiling) Operating pressures & temperatures Fouling characteristics of the fluids Available utilities Temperature driving force ( temperature approach ) Plot plan & layout constraints Accessibility for cleaning and maintenance Considerations for future expansions

TYPES OF HEAT EXCHANGERS USED

Double Pipe and Multi-Tubes Heat Exchangers Shell and tube Heating Coils & Tank Heaters Plate & frame unit A plate-fin unit

DOUBLE PIPE AND MULTI-TUBES

Easy maintenance used for highly fouling fluids. Used for small duties Mutli-tubes provides larger heat transfer area Cannot be used for large flow rates Not preferable in case of gases to avoid leakage.

DOUBLE PIPE AND MULTI-TUBES

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Separate tube sheets Outer pipe Movable support brackets Closures Tube side and shell side connections Inner tube(s) Return Bend

DOUBLE PIPE AND MULTI-TUBES

SHELL AND TUBE

Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are fabricated with round tubes mounted in cylindrical shells with their axes coaxial with the shell axis.

SHELL AND TUBE

SHELL AND TUBE

The main component

SHELL AND TUBE

HEATING COIL AND TANK HEATERS

The fluid next to the fin tube is heated it rises rapidly due to the lower density. The colder fluid at the top of the tank falls to the bottom. Used to maintain temperature not to provide heat.

HEATING COIL AND TANK HEATERS

PLATE AND FRAME

Provide large heat transfer area per volume than shell and tube ( 5 times larger ) Cannot be used for fouling fluids Difficult maintenance

PLATE AND FRAME

PLATE AND FRAME

PLATE-FIN UNIT
A brazed aluminium plate-fin heat exchanger consists of a block (core) of alternating layers (passages) of corrugated fins. Provide very large area per unit volume Can reach 1oC temperature approach Can be used for more than 2 fluid Fluids must be filtered and non fouling

PLATE-FIN UNIT