Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Basic Concepts of Scientific Writing

    Uploaded by

    Riska Aprilia
    799 views20 pages
    Phase 3: Writing Thesis and Research Paper Elias Sukardi Goals of Science Explanation Prediction Control Study: the process of making a systematic inquiry or investigation into a matter of interest in order to gain more insight or depth Thesis (dissertation) and dissertation: a treatise or academic writing dealing systematically with particular subject Research: an original investigation into a problem Kinds of Studies Hypothesis-testing study Experimental study Clinical trial Descriptive study Retrospective study Prospective study Case study Review study Editorial Seminar or conference paper Proceedings What to write? Scientific papers should describe significant experimental, theoretical or observational extensions of knowledge, or advances in the practical application of known principles. (O'Connor & Woodford) What is research? What is not research? Research is not merely 'doing something'. 'When there is no mental struggle to force the facts to reveal their meaning, there is no research.' What is research problem Yes-no questions are superficial, and are not suitable for research 2478 x 3082 x 87956 x 5367 x (6927)2 = ?? is no research problem, because a machine can do it! It leaves no room for interpretation! Time constraint You must be realistic! Make a study To gain some experience and insight by using the process of scientific inquiry Guidelines for writing Need for originality Observe copyright rules; avoid plagiarism Familiar with the principles of academic/ scientific writing Structure of Research Paper The question to be answered How the answer was found Findings Findings considered in the light of findings of other investigators. Format of Hypothesis-Testing Study Title and author(s) and affiliation Abstract Introduction Materials and methods Results Discussion References Abstract Types: Informative, indicative & mixture Types of study (original, case, review, etc) Succinct factual statements Purpose of the study Methods used Summarize the results & conclusions Brief: A few short paragraphs Background, methods, results & conclusions Introduction The question or problem to be answered Brief: 2 or 3 paragraphs Aim & scope of the study (why the study was started Purpose for undertaking the study (The question the study was designed to answer) Relate study to closely related previous studies Aim to awaken interest & attention of readers Materials and Methods How the answer was sought (credibility of evidence) Justify your choice of the materials and methods used State the premises and assumptions made Audience: Colleagues with similar research experience Give the genus, species, race, strain, breed of the experimental animals used Describe the subjects and interventions Describe the statistical analysis Results Presenting the results of the study Make the section comprehensive and coherent. Present the results in logical order and pertinent to your argument. Add tables, illustrations or diagrams as required. Discussion A discussion is a “disquisition in which a subject is treated from different sides” Answer the question(s) posed in the Introduction Write this section only after you have thought long and hard about your own and other people’s findings You may criticize the scientific basis of other people’s work Do not conceal negative results or discrepancies Future work & unanswered questions Descriptive Study Introduction Materials and Methods Geographical Context Analysis of Data Results Discussion Conclusions Theoretical Paper Introduction Theoretical Analysis Application Conclusions An example of research Renal and retinal effects of ACE-inhibitor and

    Original Title

    Basic Concepts of Scientific Writing.ppt

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    Phase 3: Writing Thesis and Research Paper Elias Sukardi Goals of Science Explanation Prediction Control Study: the process of making a systematic inquiry or investigation into a matter of interest in order to gain more insight or depth Thesis (dissertation) and dissertation: a treatise or academic writing dealing systematically with particular subject Research: an original investigation into a problem Kinds of Studies Hypothesis-testing study Experimental study Clinical trial Descriptive study Retrospective study Prospective study Case study Review study Editorial Seminar or conference paper Proceedings What to write? Scientific papers should describe significant experimental, theoretical or observational extensions of knowledge, or advances in the practical application of known principles. (O'Connor & Woodford) What is research? What is not research? Research is not merely 'doing something'. 'When there is no mental struggle to force the facts to reveal their meaning, there is no research.' What is research problem Yes-no questions are superficial, and are not suitable for research 2478 x 3082 x 87956 x 5367 x (6927)2 = ?? is no research problem, because a machine can do it! It leaves no room for interpretation! Time constraint You must be realistic! Make a study To gain some experience and insight by using the process of scientific inquiry Guidelines for writing Need for originality Observe copyright rules; avoid plagiarism Familiar with the principles of academic/ scientific writing Structure of Research Paper The question to be answered How the answer was found Findings Findings considered in the light of findings of other investigators. Format of Hypothesis-Testing Study Title and author(s) and affiliation Abstract Introduction Materials and methods Results Discussion References Abstract Types: Informative, indicative & mixture Types of study (original, case, review, etc) Succinct factual statements Purpose of the study Methods used Summarize the results & conclusions Brief: A few short paragraphs Background, methods, results & conclusions Introduction The question or problem to be answered Brief: 2 or 3 paragraphs Aim & scope of the study (why the study was started Purpose for undertaking the study (The question the study was designed to answer) Relate study to closely related previous studies Aim to awaken interest & attention of readers Materials and Methods How the answer was sought (credibility of evidence) Justify your choice of the materials and methods used State the premises and assumptions made Audience: Colleagues with similar research experience Give the genus, species, race, strain, breed of the experimental animals used Describe the subjects and interventions Describe the statistical analysis Results Presenting the results of the study Make the section comprehensive and coherent. Present the results in logical order and pertinent to your argument. Add tables, illustrations or diagrams as required. Discussion A discussion is a “disquisition in which a subject is treated from different sides” Answer the question(s) posed in the Introduction Write this section only after you have thought long and hard about your own and other people’s findings You may criticize the scientific basis of other people’s work Do not conceal negative results or discrepancies Future work & unanswered questions Descriptive Study Introduction Materials and Methods Geographical Context Analysis of Data Results Discussion Conclusions Theoretical Paper Introduction Theoretical Analysis Application Conclusions An example of research Renal and retinal effects of ACE-inhibitor and

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    799 views20 pages

    Basic Concepts of Scientific Writing

    Uploaded by

    Riska Aprilia
    Phase 3: Writing Thesis and Research Paper Elias Sukardi Goals of Science Explanation Prediction Control Study: the process of making a systematic inquiry or investigation into a matter of interest in order to gain more insight or depth Thesis (dissertation) and dissertation: a treatise or academic writing dealing systematically with particular subject Research: an original investigation into a problem Kinds of Studies Hypothesis-testing study Experimental study Clinical trial Descriptive study Retrospective study Prospective study Case study Review study Editorial Seminar or conference paper Proceedings What to write? Scientific papers should describe significant experimental, theoretical or observational extensions of knowledge, or advances in the practical application of known principles. (O'Connor & Woodford) What is research? What is not research? Research is not merely 'doing something'. 'When there is no mental struggle to force the facts to reveal their meaning, there is no research.' What is research problem Yes-no questions are superficial, and are not suitable for research 2478 x 3082 x 87956 x 5367 x (6927)2 = ?? is no research problem, because a machine can do it! It leaves no room for interpretation! Time constraint You must be realistic! Make a study To gain some experience and insight by using the process of scientific inquiry Guidelines for writing Need for originality Observe copyright rules; avoid plagiarism Familiar with the principles of academic/ scientific writing Structure of Research Paper The question to be answered How the answer was found Findings Findings considered in the light of findings of other investigators. Format of Hypothesis-Testing Study Title and author(s) and affiliation Abstract Introduction Materials and methods Results Discussion References Abstract Types: Informative, indicative & mixture Types of study (original, case, review, etc) Succinct factual statements Purpose of the study Methods used Summarize the results & conclusions Brief: A few short paragraphs Background, methods, results & conclusions Introduction The question or problem to be answered Brief: 2 or 3 paragraphs Aim & scope of the study (why the study was started Purpose for undertaking the study (The question the study was designed to answer) Relate study to closely related previous studies Aim to awaken interest & attention of readers Materials and Methods How the answer was sought (credibility of evidence) Justify your choice of the materials and methods used State the premises and assumptions made Audience: Colleagues with similar research experience Give the genus, species, race, strain, breed of the experimental animals used Describe the subjects and interventions Describe the statistical analysis Results Presenting the results of the study Make the section comprehensive and coherent. Present the results in logical order and pertinent to your argument. Add tables, illustrations or diagrams as required. Discussion A discussion is a “disquisition in which a subject is treated from different sides” Answer the question(s) posed in the Introduction Write this section only after you have thought long and hard about your own and other people’s findings You may criticize the scientific basis of other people’s work Do not conceal negative results or discrepancies Future work & unanswered questions Descriptive Study Introduction Materials and Methods Geographical Context Analysis of Data Results Discussion Conclusions Theoretical Paper Introduction Theoretical Analysis Application Conclusions An example of research Renal and retinal effects of ACE-inhibitor and

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 20

    Special Study

    Phase 3: Writing Thesis and Research Paper

    Elias Sukardi

    Goals of Science
    Explanation Prediction Control

    Study: the process of making a systematic


    inquiry or investigation into a matter of interest in order to gain more insight or depth

    Thesis (dissertation) and dissertation: a


    treatise or academic writing dealing systematically with particular subject

    Research: an original investigation into a problem

    Kinds of Studies
    Hypothesis-testing study

    Experimental study Clinical trial Descriptive study Retrospective study Prospective study

    Journal articles

    Case study Review study Editorial


    Seminar or conference paper

    Proceedings

    What to write?
    Scientific papers should describe significant experimental, theoretical or observational extensions of knowledge, or advances in the practical application of known principles.
    (O'Connor & Woodford)

    What is research? What is not research?

    Research is not merely 'doing something'.

    'When there is no mental struggle to force the facts to reveal their meaning, there is no research.'

    What is research problem

    Yes-no questions are superficial, and are not suitable for research
    2478 x 3082 x 87956 x 5367 x (6927)2 = ?? is no research problem, because a machine can do it! It leaves no room for interpretation!

    Time constraint

    You must be realistic!

    Make a study
    To gain some experience and insight by using the process of scientific inquiry

    Guidelines for writing


    Need for originality Observe copyright rules; avoid plagiarism Familiar with the principles of academic/ scientific writing

    Structure of Research Paper


    The question to be answered How the answer was found Findings Findings considered in the light of findings of other investigators.

    Format of Hypothesis-Testing Study

    Title and author(s) and affiliation Abstract Introduction Materials and methods Results Discussion References

    Abstract
    Types: Informative, indicative & mixture Types of study (original, case, review, etc) Succinct factual statements Purpose of the study Methods used Summarize the results & conclusions Brief: A few short paragraphs Background, methods, results & conclusions
    (N Engl J Med)

    Introduction
    The question or problem to be answered Brief: 2 or 3 paragraphs Aim & scope of the study (why the study was started Purpose for undertaking the study (The question the study was designed to answer) Relate study to closely related previous studies Aim to awaken interest & attention of readers

    Materials and Methods


    How the answer was sought (credibility of evidence) Justify your choice of the materials and methods used State the premises and assumptions made Audience: Colleagues with similar research experience Give the genus, species, race, strain, breed of the experimental animals used Describe the subjects and interventions Describe the statistical analysis

    Results
    Presenting the results of the study
    Make the section comprehensive and coherent. Present the results in logical order and pertinent to your argument. Add tables, illustrations or diagrams as required.

    Discussion
    A discussion is a disquisition in which a subject is treated from different sides Answer the question(s) posed in the Introduction

    Write this section only after you have thought long and hard about your own and other peoples findings You may criticize the scientific basis of other peoples work Do not conceal negative results or discrepancies Future work & unanswered questions

    Descriptive Study
    Introduction Materials and Methods Geographical Context Analysis of Data Results Discussion Conclusions

    Theoretical Paper
    Introduction Theoretical Analysis Application Conclusions

    An example of research

    Renal and retinal effects of ACE-inhibitor and sartan in type I diabetes mellitus
    (N Engl J Med 2009;361:40-51)

    Abstract
    Background Methods Results Conclusions

    A Model for Teaching Professionalism in the Undergraduate Medical Education. Jurnal Pendidikan Kedokteran dan Profesi Kesehatan Indonesia, 2006, Vol.1, No.3, 57-60

    The 'Ponari' Phenomena, Belief, Rationality and Evidence: What have we learnt?. The Indonesian Medical Association of Denpasar, Free Scientific Meeting, April 11, 2009.

    You might also like