Structural Drawing

Chapter 19

Objectives

Create a structural truss or floor plan drawing Label and specify the size and shape of steel structural members Identify, draw, and label various structural steel shapes

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.

Objectives (cont.)

Identify, draw, and label high-strength bolts used in structural joints Identify welding symbols used in steel fabrication of structural components Identify and read concrete and brick construction details

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.

Structural Drawings

Structural drawings include:

Foundation plans Wall sections and framing details Structural steel framing and details Beam and column drawings and details

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.

Wood Construction

Many different types of wood are used as structural timber The surface of a wood product is finished by milling or planing

Due to wood loss in surfacing, nominal size is larger than dressed thickness Symbols are used to indicate requirements for finished surfaces on wood
5
2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

Wood Joints

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.

Connector Designs

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.

Structural Steel

Structural steel drawings are ordinarily one of two types:

Engineering design drawings Manufacturing (shop) drawings

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.

Structural Steel

Engineering design drawings show the overall dimensions of the structure including:

Locations of columns, beams, angles and other shapes Sizes of structural members Detail in the form of cross sections, special connections required, and notes
9
2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

Structural Steel

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

10

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.

Structural Steel

Shop drawings consist of detail drawings of all parts of the entire structure showing exactly how the parts are to be made These drawings show all dimensions necessary for fabrication, usually calculated to the nearest 1/16
2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

11

Piece Marks

A system is used to mark each piece that is separately handled This mark is called a piece mark and should be shown wherever the member appears on the drawings

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

12

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.

Piece Marks

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

13

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.

Structural Steel Shapes

Structural steel is available in many standard shapes Most CAD programs have structural shapes symbol libraries available

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

14

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.

Structural Steel Shapes

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

15

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.

Erection Plans

Erection plans made by the steel fabricator are assembly drawings for the steel structure

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

16

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.

Erection Plans

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

17

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.

Connections

Main members are joined together in the field to build a structure and most joints are welded connections to the main members Riveting is seldom used as a connection but you may find reference to riveted joints in original plans

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

18

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.

Connections

AISC recommends certain standard connections for attaching beams

You should know the strength of the various connections and use them only when they are sufficient

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

19

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.

Welding

Welding is a common method for connecting steel members of buildings and bridges

The fillet weld is the most common in structural steel fabrication

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

20

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.

Welded Beam Detail

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

21

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.

High-Strength Bolting for Structural Joints

Two common types of high-strength steel bolts are ASTM A325 and A490

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

22

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.

Accuracy in Dimensions

Incorrect dimensions on drawings will result in serious errors and misfits when members are assembled in the field Consider the effect of tolerance stacking on the fit of steel members

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

23

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.

Concrete Construction

Concrete is made by mixing sand, gravel, or other aggregates with Portland cement and water Reinforced concrete has embedded steel reinforcing bars In prestressed concrete, the steel is pretensioned before the superimposed load is applied
24
2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

Reinforced Concrete Drawings

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

25

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.

Structural Clay Products

Brick and tile are some of the best known forms of building construction Traditionally they are built into masonry forms and units are placed one at a time in a soft mortar

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

26

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.

Stone Construction

Natural stone is also used in masonry construction, most commonly for ornamental facing

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

27

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.

Laying and Bonding Brick, Tile and Stone

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

28

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.