Introduction

Construction and demolition wastes are one of the largest waste streams in the country. Almost all job site wastes are recyclable. It costs less usually much less to recycle job site wastes than to throw them away. This C&D waste stream is enormous: about 130 million tons per year, or about 25% of all of the solid waste that is discarded in India. In total, from almost any job site, 90% to 95% of all waste materials can be recycled. The civil construction consume around 2/3 of natural wood of our forests(66 % wood). Construction, renovation and demolition activities leads to the formation of waste.

Objectives
To reduce landfill of wastes Recover over 75% of the material generated from a construction project Majority of the volume to a facility are Mixed C&D Loads Minority of the volume is pre-sorted.

Construction and Demolition Wastes

Wood
Used for Animal Bedding, Mulch, Diesel Fuel, Electrical Power Plants and Particle Board

Bricks, Concrete and Other Masonry Products

Crushed and used for Fill, New Roads, Under lament for Concrete Applications

Metals (Ferrous and Non-Ferrous)

Melted into New Products

Roofing Shingles
Asphalt Roads

Cardboard
Processed used New Cardboard Products

Plastic
Made into bottles, floor tile, paneling, plastic lumber, etc.

Sources of Construction and Demolition Wastes

Renovation

Demolition

New Construction

40%

50%

10%

Residential Commercial Industrial Institutional

Management of General Construction and Demolition Wastes

Transfer, storage, treatment facilities for C&D Sort material within 48 hours Non-recyclables disposed within 72 hours Limit non-recyclables to 25% No hazardous waste accepted

REDUCE

REUSE

RECYCLE

LANDFILL

Inside C&D Waste Recycling

Inside C&D Waste Recycling

Inside C&D Waste Recycling

Difference
Municipal Solid Waste With C&D Debris Commercial Industrial Institutional Residential Waste C&D Debris

Commercial Industrial Institutional Residential Waste

Transfer Station

C&D Recycling Facility

100% Landfill

At Least 75% Recycling

Paper And Corrugated Cardboard

Paper and cardboard comprise approximately 37% construction and demolition wastes by volume. It usually attracts recyclers to reprocess them as new paper product by purification. Cardboard returned to market as box board

Metals
Mature Markets For Ferrous & Non-Ferrous Metals Both markets are operating at high rates C&D industry is helping to meet the world needs for metal

Ferrous Metal
It is by far the most profitable and recyclable material. In India more than 80% scrap arising is recycled. Scrap steel is almost totally recycled and allowed repeated recycling. 100% steel can be recycled to avoid wastage at construction site.

Non Ferrous Metal

The main non ferrous metal collected from construction and demolition sites are aluminum, copper, lead and zinc . In India aluminum usage is up to 95000 tones with about 70% recycled in 2004. Copper is recycled up to 119000 tones out of a national market of 262000 tones.

Masonry
Masonry is normally crushed as recycled masonry aggregate. A special application of recycled masonry aggregate is to use it as thermal insulating concrete. Another potential application for recycled masonry aggregate is to use it as aggregate in traditional clay bricks.

Plastic
Emerging Market
The plastic wastes are best possible for recycling if these materials are collected separately and cleaned. Recycling is difficult if plastic wastes are mixed with other plastics or contaminants. Plastic recycled and used in products specifically designed for the utilization of recycled plastic, such as street furniture, roof and floor, PVC window noise barrier, cable ducting, panel.
PET & HDPE PVC

AGGREGATE FROM CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE

Wood Recycling
Whole timber arising from construction and demolition works can be utilized easily and directly for reused in other construction projects after cleaning, denailing and sizing.

Mulch
C&D wood is used to create colored mulch. Less moisture in C&D wood allows for minimum coloring. C&D mulch last longer and does not decompose as fast.

Animal Bedding
C&D wood is an excellent source for making bedding.

Wood Products
Reprocessing of wood into other products (Pressboard).

C&D wood has 80% the BTU value as coal. Fuel to energy is a very stable market for C&D wood. Most wood from Illinois, converted to energy, is done through plants outside of Illinois.

Drywall Recycling
Soil additives (Gypsum reduces the soils PH Factor) Animal bedding Treats run-off ponds in the livestock industry Reduces odor and bacteria Decreases medical shots for healthy livestock.

CONCLUSION
In order to reduce the construction and demolition waste, during the time of construction order only the correct amount of raw materials. Proper care should be taken to ensure the protection of materials being delivered and stored in the site. When a structure is being demolished, salvage as much of the more valuable fittings and materials as possible. Any suitable substitute for aggregate should be considered during the construction. It is the duty of an engineer to revaluate technical specification for materials where strength and safety do not have to be compromised to permit the use of recycled materials. As sorting and recycling facilities become more wide spread and better developed it will be easier to redirect our waste from landfill.

The Choice Is Yours

To Landfill

To Recycle