TCP/IP Basis

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The communication is realized via TCP/IP protocol stack between The computers with different model, different manufacturer and different OS. This course will introduce the architecture of TCP/IP protocol stack, the function of each layer and data encapsulation.

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Upon completion of this course, you will be able to : Know architecture of OSI RM Master architecture TCP/IP and the function of each layer Understand the process of TCP/IP data encapsulation

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Chapter 1 TCP/IP Protocol Stack Chapter 2 Data Encapsulation of TCP/IP Protocol Stack

Chapter 3 Case analysis

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OSI Reference Model

OSI RM: Open System Interconnection Reference Model OSI RM has the following advantages

To predigest pertinent network operation To provide compatibility and standard interface between devices To accelerate standardization working Structure is separable Easy to realize and maintenance

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OSI Reference Model

Application layer Presentation layer Session layer Transport layer Network layer Data link layer Physical layer

7 6 5 4 3 2 1

High Layers: In charge of data transmission between hosts.

Low Layers: In charge of data transmission in network.

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Functions of the Seven Layers

7 6 5

Application layer Presentation layer Session layer Transport layer Network layer Data link layer Physical layer

Provide communications between applications Deal with data format problems Establish, maintain and manage sessions Establish, maintain and manage end to end connection Addressing and routing Provide link medium access and link management Bit flow transmission

4
3 2 1

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TCP/IP model
OSI 7 6 Application layer Presentation layer Session layer Transport layer Network layer Data link layer Physical layer Transport layer Network layer Data link layer Physical layer 4 3 2 1 TCP/IP

VS

Application layer

5
4 3 2

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TCP/IP Protocol Stack

Application layer

HTTP, Telnet, FTP TFTP, Ping

Provide application program network interfaces

Transport layer Network layer Data link layer Physical layer

TCP/UDP IP Ethernet, 802.3, PPP Interfaces, wires

Establish terminal to terminal connection Addressing and route selecting

Physical media access

Binary data flow transmission

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Communication between Layers of TCP/IP Model and Data Encapsulation

Host A
Upper layer data

PDU
Application layer Transport layer Segment

TCP header

Upper layer data Upper layer data Upper layer FCS data

IP header

Network layer

Packet

LLC header

Data link layer

MAC header
Upper layer FCS data

Frame

0101110101001000010

Physical layer

Bit

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Data De-encapsulation

Host B Application layer Transport layer Network layer Data link layer Physical layer

Upper layer data Upper layer data TCP+ upper layer data IP+TCP+ upper layer data LLC header+ IP+TCP+ upper layer data 0101110101001000010

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The Function of Physical Layer

Define medium type, interface type, sign type

criterion of requirement for electric, engine, flow and function

when physical link is activation, maintenance and shutdown between the terminal system.

Criterion of character such as voltages, data rate, maximum

transmission distance and physical connector.

LAN Physical (Bits, signals, clocking)
8 0 2 . 3
8 0 2 . 4 8 0 2 . 5 F D D I V.24

WAN

V.35

G.703 EIA/TIA-232

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Physical layer medium and device

Physical layer medium

Coaxial cable
Twisted-pair Fiber Wireless radio
Physical layer device

Repeaters, HUB

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The Function of Data Link Layer

MAC Sub-layer : Media Access Control Sub-Layer

Appoint that how to transmit data packet via physical line and communicate with physical layer
LLC Sub-layer: Logic Link Control Sub-layer

Distinguish protocol types, encapsulate the data and transmit via network Application layer Transport layer Network layer Data link layer Physical layer LLC sub-layer MAC sub-layer

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Protocols of Data Link Layer

Data link layer LAN, WAN protocol

LAN Data Link (Frames) Physical (Bits, signals, clocking)

8 0 2 . 3 802.2 LLC Dial on Demand F D D I

WAN

SDLC

HDLC

Frame Relay

PPP

8 0 2 . 4

8 0 2 . 5

V.24

V.35

G.703 EIA/TIA-232

Data link layer device

Ethernet switch

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Data Link Layer Address

MAC address is composed of 48 bits. The vendor ID of Huawei

products is 0x00e0fc.
24 bits 24 bits

Vender Code Serial Number

00e0.fc01.2345 00e0.fc01.2345

Rom
Ram

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The Function and Device of Network Layer

Function

Data forwarding in the different networkDevice

Router, layer 3 swtich

D Host A

Host B

A
B Router A Router B Network layer Data link layer Physical layer All rights reserved E Router C Network layer Data link layer Physical layer Page 17 Application layer Transport layer Network layer Data link layer Physical layer

Network layer Data link layer Physical layer

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Protocols of Network Layer

Protocols of Network layer

Network (Packets)

IP/ICMP/ARP/RARP

802.2 LLC

Data Link (Frames) Physical (Bits, signals, clocking)

8 0 2 . 3 8 0 2 . 4 8 0 2 . 5 F D D I

Dial on Demand

SDLC

HDLC

Frame Relay

PPP

V.24 V.35 G.703 EIA/TIA-232

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Network Address
Network address identifies a device in the network layer

uniquely
Network address include two parts

Network ID
Host ID

Network ID IP Address 10.

Host ID 8.2.48

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The Function of Transport Layer

Segment upper layer data

Set up end to end connection

Transmit data from end to end

ensure the reliability of the data

transmission

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Protocols of Transport Layer

Transport (Segments)
TCP UDP

Network (Packets)

IP

802.2 LLC

Data Link (Frames)

Physical (Bits, signals, clocking)
8 0 2 . 3
8 0 2 . 4 8 0 2 . 5 F D D I

Dial on Demand

SDLC

HDLC

Frame Relay

PPP

V.24 V.35 G.703 EIA/TIA-232

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Main Protocols of Transport Layer

TCP
Connection-oriented
Reliable Suit the application with high reliability

UDP
Connectionless Trustless Suit the application that concerns transmission efficiency Reliability depends on application

High cost

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The Function of Application Layer

Provide user interfaces and deal with specify applications

Provide data encryption, decryption, compression and decompression.

Specify the standards of data presentation.

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Protocols of Application Layer

Application (Data) Transport (Segments) Network (Packets)
802.2 LLC 8 0 2 . 3 8 0 2 . 4 8 0 2 . 5

FTP TELNET HTTP SMTP/POP3 DNS

TFTP SNMP RIP DNS Radius

TCP

UDP

IP

Data Link (Frames) Physical (Bits, signals, clocking)

F D D I

Dial on Demand

SDLC

HDLC

Frame Relay

PPP

V.24 V.35 G.703 EIA/TIA-232

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Chapter 1 Internet Connection of

TCP/IP
Chapter 2 Data Encapsulation of TCP/IP Protocol Stack Chapter 3 Case Analysis

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The Encapsulation Process of TCP/IP Protocol Stack

user data

Application
App header User data

TCP
TCP Segment TCP header User data

IP Packet

IP header

TCP header

User data

IP

Ethernet header 14B

IP header 20-64B

TCP header 20-60B Ethernet Frame 46-1500 bytes

user data

Ethernet trailer 4B

Application drive

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TCP Segment
Ethernet Frame

Ethernet header

IP header

TCP header

User data

Ethernet trailer

14B

20-60B 20B-60B

4B

Source Port

Dest. Port

Seq Num

Ack Num

...

Option

16b

16b

32b

32b

64b

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IP Packet
Ethernet header IP header TCP header User data Ethernet trailer

14B

20-60B 20B-60B

4B

0 version

15 16 Message Service type length Total length

31

identification Fixed message header

Time to live protocol

Flag

Chip offset
20B

Message header checksum

Source IP address

Destination IP address IP options

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Issue of IP Fragment
Fragment principle: comparing with data length and MTU, if the former is

larger than the latter, fragment is needed.

IP packet
Host Host

MTU

MTU

Fragment on sending end Fragment on the middle routers

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Ethernet Frame
Ethernet header IP header TCP header User data Ethernet trailer

14B

20-60B 20B-60B

4B

DMAC

SMAC

L/T

6B

6B

2B

Length/Type value
Ethernet_II Length/T > 1500

meaning
Represents Type

802.3

Length/T <= 1500

Represents Length

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Chapter 1 Internet Connection of TCP/IP Chapter 2 Data Encapsulation in TCP/IP Protocol Stack Chapter 3 Case Analysis

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Case Analysis (1)

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Case Analysis (2)

Source MAC

Destination MAC

Type

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Case Analysis (3)

Source IP Destination IP

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Case Analysis (4)

Source port

Destination port

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Summary

What layers does OSI RM divide into? Whats the function of each layer of

TCP/IP protocol stack?

whats the process of message

encapsulation and de-encapsulation in TCP/IP protocol stack?

Whats the difference between MAC

address and IP address?

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T Thank You

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