PREFABRICATED BUILDINGS

BY NISAM SA S7CE 11112212

INTRODUCTION
Ongoing developments in the building activity are to a large extend inspired by a number of social and economic factors which marked our society during the last decades. Prefabrication process a large potential in this field to become a leading actor in the building activity of future

A prefabricated structure or building is a structure that has several factory built components that are assembled on a site. Also applies manufacturing of things other than structures at a fixed site

WORD ORGIN
The word "Prefab" is not an industry term like modular home, manufactured home, panellized home, or site-built home. The term is an amalgamation of panellized and modular building systems, and can mean either one. In today's usage the term "Prefab" is more closely related to the style of home, usually modernist, rather than to a particular method of home construction.

HISTORY OF PREFAB BUILDINGS

According to records possibly the first prefabricated dwelling was designed and built by a London carpenter who then had the building shipped to Australia for construction. A few of these original prefabricated buildings can be seen to this day in Australia. During the Crimean War, 1855, Florence Nightingale requested a prefabricated hospital building be designed and shipped to the Dardanelles for construction during the Second World War as there was a huge requirement for military staff By the late 1940s around 160,000 of these prefab homes had been built with the largest prefabricated estate being in Liverpool where over 1,000 were constructed. Much against the residents wishes this estate was demolished in the 1960s.

WHAT IS PREFABRICATION?
The Modular homes are created in sections, and then transported to the home site for construction and installation. The modular houses are constructed in accordance with the IBC (International Building Code). Constructing manufactured homes typically involves connecting plumbing and electrical lines across the sections, and sealing the sections

 Manufactured homes can be built onto a permanent foundation, and if designed correctly, can be difficult to distinguish from a stick-built home to the untrained eye. Manufactured homes are typically purchased from a retail sales company, initially assembled by a local contracting company, and follow-up repairs performed by the manufactured home company under warranty. The consumer ensure that a reputable and honest contractor is used for the initial set-up. If any repairs are not completed by the initial setup crew, the manufacturer will send repair crews to repair anything covered by the warranty

TYPES OF PREFABRICATION
Volumetric system Partial modularisation of components

Prefabrication of elements of the construction

METHOD OF PREFABRICATION
Hand laying prefabrication method Casting prefabrication method

Special mortar equipment prefabrication method

ERECTION OF COMPONENTS
The Standard Prefabricated Building System consists of a Welded Tubular and Structural Steel Frame with a Panelised Wall and Roof System. The Floor is Structural Grade Plywood with Vinyl Composition Tile. A complete Electrical system is provided and includes Lights, Duplex Outlets, Switches, Sub Panel, Breakers, Conduits and Wiring. HVAC package is mounted in a Pre-framed Panel and supplies Cooling, Heating and Fresh Air.

Basic Components
Panels Posts Base channel Capping channel Doors Windows Roof system Electrical floor
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APPLICATIONS:
. The structures can be applied to numerous applications and are ideal for any non-residential low-rise building. Some of the application areas include Residential houses

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 Factories

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 Workshop Warehouse Exhibition centres Multi-purpose hall Showrooms Aircraft hangers Supermarkets Sports centres Auditoriums Gas stations Bridges Railway platforms etc.

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MILITARY PREFABRICATED STRUCTURES

When the military has a space need, there are frequently time challenges that must me be met in order to accomplish the mission. A prefabricated building makes the most sense for a military application. The key advantage to choosing a prefabricated modular building for a military requirement is the ability to have the structure delivered and ready for occupancy on an immediate basis. The military can benefit by choosing a result-oriented firm to provide the space in a timely and professional manner. Prefabricated military buildings require certain security features.it has the experience to ensure the building will comply with the strictest of federal guidelines for national security.

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Modular vs. Traditional Construction

ADVANTAGES High durability Fast installation Expandability Sound proof reusable &high scrap value Cost saving &tax benefits

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 No need for formwork and scaffolding Reduced construction time Minimum on-site congestion Effective control on quality Overall less costs of operations No disturbance due to bad weather or hazardous environments Minimum waste generation ,etc.

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DISADVANTAGES
Requires high energy inputs Usage non-renewable energy sources for installing and transporting Poorly written codes restricts its usage.

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CONCLUSION:
Due to the flexibility of the structure in expandability and appearance this prefab houses are the best choice. From the several advantages like reusability, high scrap value, durability, less construction time makes this user friendly. Also, they can be installed in passive weather conditions also. A prefabricated building makes the most sense for a military application. Modular buildings offer invaluable advantages that most traditional building methods don't even come close to touching.

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REFERENCE
1. On prefabrication implementation for different project types and procurement methods in Hong Kong by Vivian W.Y. Tam, (Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Australia), C.M. Tam, (Department of Building and Construction, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong), William C.Y. Ng, (Department of Building and Construction, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong) 2. Prefabricated homes promise efficiency September 21, 2012 By Cedar Burnett, For The Associated Press , journal-news.net 3. Prefabrication in house constructions Xudong Zhao and Saffa Riffat (Affiliations School of the Built Environment, University of Nottingham Nottingham, UK ) 4. Prefabrication Building Methodologies for Low Cost Housing by Shri P K Adlakha, FellowShri H C Puri, Member April 2003 5. 6. 7. Advanced building construction by http://www.cityu.edu.hk/CIVCAL/production/advanced/ Prefabrication And Preassembly Trends And Effects On The Construction Workforce. Carl T. HAAS, Ph.D., P.E.James, T. OConnor, Ph.D., P.E. Richard L. Tucker, Ph.D., P.E. Jason A. Eickmann, M.S. Walter R. Fagerlund B.SC. Center For Construction Industry Studies The University Of Texas At Austin
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S.P. Arora

THANK YOU

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