BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

Electronic Engineering

Biomedical Engineering
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the application of engineering principles and techniques to the medical field .

Therapeutic Equipments:
Medical Imaging Equipments Monitoring Equipments

Therapeutic Equipments:
- Help or aids in the cure or treatment of bodies abnormalities and improves patients conditions

a. Cardioversion
Synchronized electrical cardioversion is the process by which an abnormally fast heart rate or cardiac arrhythmia is terminated by the delivery of therapeutic dose of electric current to the heart at a specific moment in the cardiac cycle as determined by a computer.

b. Pacemaker
Cardiac pacemaker:a group of cells within the heart that together initiate contractions and set the pace of beating. Artificial pacemaker:a device implanted to provide proper heart rhythm when the body's natural pacemaker does not function properly

c. Defibrillator
-Defibrillation is the definitive treatment for ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), the two most common causes of sudden cardiac death.

Medical Imaging:
- Imaging technologies are often essential to medical diagnosis, and are typically the most complex equipment found in a hospital

a. Radiography
- Radiography is the use of certain types of electromagnetic radiationusually ionizingto view objects.

b. Mammography
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Mammography is the process of using lowdose X-rays to examine the human breast.

(See thermography)

c. CT SCAN
Computed tomography (CT), originally known as computed axial tomography (CAT or CT scan) and body section roentgenography

- is a medical imaging method employing tomography where digital geometry processing is used to generate a three-dimensional image of the internals of an object from a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation

d. Echocardiography
- Echocardiogram is an ultrasound of the heart. - Using standard ultrasound techniques, two-dimensional slices of the heart can be imaged. The latest ultrasound systems now employ 3D real-time imaging.

e. MRI
MRI- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), formerly referred to as magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) or, in chemistry nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), is a noninvasive method used to render images of the inside of an object.

Brain Tumor

f. Radioisotope
- Medical imaging that uses small qty of radioactive materials that is usually ingested inside the body and observation of radiation from inside out.

g. Bone Scan
-Bone imaging is a study to visually detect bone abnormalities. Such imaging studies include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray ,computed tomography (CT) and especially nuclear medicine.

h. Ultrasound
Imaging, medical diagnostic technique in which very high frequency sound is directed into the body.

Ultrasound can be used to examine many parts of the body, but its best known application is the examination of the fetus during pregnancy .

Monitoring Equipments:
- Equipments used for real time monitoring of parameters such as electrical signals from different parts of the body.

a. Electrocardiogram
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An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG, abbreviated from the German Elektrokardiogramm) is a graphic produced by an electrocardiograph, which records the electrical activity of the heart over time.
(see ECG)

b. Electroencephalogram
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Electroencephalography is the neurophysiologic measurement of the electrical activity of the brain by recording from electrodes placed on the scalp or, in special cases, subdurally or in the cerebral cortex.

c. Electromyelogram
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Electromyography (EMG) is a medical technique for evaluating and recording physiologic properties of muscles at rest and while contracting. EMG is performed using an instrument called an electromyograph, to produce a record called an electromyogram. An electromyograph detects the electrical potential generated by muscle cells when these cells contract, and also when the cells are at rest