Professional Documents
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Differences
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Success Strategies Goals Intuitions Instruction Positive and negative evidence Affective factors
2. Strategies
All learners make generalizations
Simple past: played, walked, waited, comed
Only second language learners generalize from their first language when they are learning a second language
One sound, /r/, in Japanese Separate sounds, /l/ & /r/, in English
3. Goals
First language learners have no goals
Learning a first language is not under a childs control
4. Intuitions
First language learners rely on their intuition (sense of what sounds right) to decide if a sentence is grammatical Grammatical intuition for second language learners never develops completely
5. Instruction
Children never have formal lessons in their first language
Childrens first language develops through communication
7. Affective factors
First language learning is independent of affective factors
Personality, motivation, attitude, etc.
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Differences
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Success Strategies Goals Intuitions Instruction Positive and negative evidence Affective factors
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Similarities: In both first and second language acquisition, universal grammar may influence learning. In second language learning, universal grammar may influence learning either independently or through the first language. In both first and second language acquisition, there are predictable stages, and particular structures are acquired in a set order. Individuals may move more slowly or quickly through these stages, but they cannot skip ahead.
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In both first and second language acquisition, the learner uses context clues, prior knowledge, and interaction to comprehend language. In both first and second language acquisition, age is an important variable affecting proficiency. In both first and second language acquisition, learners can often comprehend more complex language than they are able to produce. In the initial stages of learning, learners go through a silent period.
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In both first and second language acquisition, a learner's proficiency can vary across situations. In both first and second language acquisition, learners may overgeneralize vocabulary or rules, using them in contexts broader than those in which they should be used. In both first and second language acquisition, learners need comprehensible input and opportunities to learn language in context in order to increase their proficiency.
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