Presented By:

Deepali Bhardwaj

Decision Characteristics Of Management Levels

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Decision Support Systems

Management Levels

Strategic

Take decisions affecting entire

organization

Define policies Set goals and direct organization to

achieve them

Responsible for overall performance

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Decision Support Systems

Management Levels
Tactical

Responsible for carrying out the

goals set by top management

Set goals for their Bus and

departments

Set objectives for lower management

and provide valuable information to top management

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Decision Support Systems

Management Levels

Operational

Line managers Responsible for daily management of

line workers

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Decision Support Systems

Stages Of Decision Making

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Decision Support Systems

Managerial Behaviour & Roles

Classical model of management

Five functions of managers Planning, organizing, coordinating, deciding, and controlling

More contemporary behavioral models

Actual behavior of managers appears to be less systematic, more informal, less reflective, more reactive, and less well organized than in classical model

Mintzbergs behavioral model of managers defines 10 managerial roles falling into 3 categories

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Decision Support Systems

Managerial Roles & Supporting IS

Interpersonal roles: Figurehead Leader Liaison Informational roles: Nerve center Disseminator Spokesperson Decisional roles: Entrepreneur Disturbance handler Resource allocator Negotiator
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Telepresence systems Telepresence, social net works, Twitters

Smartphones, social net works

MIS, ESS E-mail, social networks Telepresence, Webinars

None exist None exist BI, DSS systems None exist

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Factors Influencing Decision Making

Information quality
Accurate, Timely, Consistent, Complete, Valid, Accessible

Management filters Organizational Inertia and Politics

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Decision Support Systems

Business Intelligence & Decision Making

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Data Warehouse & BI

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Business Intelligence Environment

Six elements of BI Environment
Data from business environment

BI Infrastructure
Business analytics toolset Managerial users and methods Delivery platform MIS, DSS, ESS User interface

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Decision Support Systems

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Systems For Decision Support

Management Information Systems
Decision Support Systems Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS) Executive Support Systems

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Decision Support Systems

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Systems For Decision Support

Web-based customer decision-support systems (CDSS)
Internet search engines, intelligent agents, web directories, newsgroup discussions etc Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS)

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Decision Support Systems

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Executive Information Systems

Senior management focus

Support non-routine, strategic decisions for which procedures

not predefined

Uses data from MIS, DSS, and external events

Filter, compress track and

display critical data

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Decision Support Systems

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Executive Information Systems

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Decision Support Systems

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Executive Information Systems

Sense and Respond strategy Environment scanning for strategic threats and

opportunities
Integrate data from different systems( internal and external) designed for different purposes

Timely, accurate, and comprehensive information

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Decision Support Systems

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Executive Information Systems

ESS tools
Statistical tools with drill down ability (BI) Balance Scorecards Digital dashboards

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Balance Scorecard
Strategic Objectives: What is the strategy to achieve in that perspective
Measures: How the progress for that particular objective be measured Target: The target value sought for each measure Initiatives: What will be done to facilitate reaching of that target

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Decision Support Systems

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Balance Scorecard
Objective Growth Profitability Cost Leadership Specific Measures Revenue Growth Return on Equity Unit Cost

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Decision Support Systems

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Dashboards

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Decision Support Systems

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Advantage Of Dashboards
Visual presentation of performance measures Ability to identify and correct negative trends Measure efficiencies/inefficiencies Ability to generate detailed reports showing new trends Ability to make more informed decisions based on

collected BI Align strategies and organizational goals Save time over running multiple reports Gain total visibility of all systems instantly

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Decision Support Systems

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Management Information Systems

Middle management focus
Monitor and control business, summarize basic

operations

Uses data from TPS Periodic use of data Reports

Scheduled reports

Key indicator reports

Exception reports Drilled down reports Adhoc reports
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Decision Support Systems

Middle management focus

Semi-structured or unstructured problem analysis

Support decision making for

rapidly changing problems for

which procedures not predefined Uses data from TPS, MIS and

external sources

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Decision Support Systems

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Components Of A Decision Support System

Legacy Software Web Browser Other Software

User Interface Functions Hyperlinked Multimedia, 3-D Visualization

Model Management Functions Analytical Modeling, Statistical Analysis

Data Management Functions Data extraction, Validation, Sanitation, Integration and Replication

Operational

DB

Market Data

Sales Data

Customer Account Data

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Decision Support Systems

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Decision Support Systems

Data driven(OLAP, Data Mining),
Models driven(What-If or other models) Data Visualization and Geographic Information Systems(GIS)

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Examples Of Analytical Modeling

Type of Analytical Modeling
What-if analysis

Activities and Examples

Observing how changes to selected variables affect other variables Example: What if we cut Power distribution to Industrial area by 10 %? What would happen to the production figures of key industries? Observing how repeated changes to a single variable affect other variables Example: Increasing power supply to industrial area by 2% repeatedly so we can see its relationship to production Making repeated changes to selected variables until a chosen variable reaches a target value Example: Lets try increases in Power supply to Industrial Unit until production reaches 1 lakh units Finding an optimum value for selected variables, given certain constraints Example: Whats the best amount of Power distribution to have between Industrial and Residential units given our limited Power Supply
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Goal-seeking analysis

Sensitivity analysis

Optimization analysis

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Decision Support Systems

Data Visualization And GIS

Data visualization: Helps in identifying

patterns and relationships

Charts, maps, tables, digital images, threedimensional presentations, animations etc

Data Visualization example

GIS: Data representation in digitized maps

Geographically referenced information

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Decision Support Systems

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GIS Apps for Energy Sector

Information retrieval Maintenance and monitoring Site Identification Other applications:

The study and analysis for electrical distribution system,

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analysis and design. Applications are also being developed for tackling problem of designing the electrical supply system for new residential development. For process automation in order to provide their customers with high quality attendance. To rebuild the design of work procedures in electric utilities. GIS and GPS are also integrated for mapping and analysis of electric distribution circuits.
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GIS Apps For Power Sector

Evaluating system reliability and capacity
GIS-based outage management applications help companies respond to interruptions in service.

Tracking down power loss

Managing revenue collection Identifying suitable sites for new transmission

lines
suitable areas, the optimum path finding, the profile analyses, the engineering design of

towers and wires and the cost estimation

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