1-4 Symmetrically loaded shells of revolution:

In axisymmetrically shells:
No shear forces exist
Two unknown membrane forces or membrane
stresses resultant per unit length
=

=
Externally a applied forces per unit surface area
are , (, )

To obtained
From condition of element 2

Fig(2)

Equilibrium in z-direction:
Analysis of P in z-direction
Load carried on the surface area of the element :

0 1
0 1

Force :
0
0

In z-direction:

20
2
=

20
2

= 0

(ii)

N in z-direction
N 1 d sin

d
2

Resultant force in the direction of radius of parallel circle

2N 1 d

d
2

= N 1 d d

In Z- direction :

N 1 d d sin
Fz =0

(iiii)

Pz 0 1 d d + N0 d d + N 1 d d sin =0
Divided by

(d d)

Pz 0 1 + N0 + N 1 sin =0
Divided by (0 1 )
Pz

N
+
1

N
+
0

sin =0

Replacing 0 = 2 sin
N
1

N
+
2

= -Pz

Equilibrium of vertical forces

F = represent the resultant of the external loading free body
N sin (2 0 ) + F =0
0 =2 sin

N =
20 sin


OR N =
2 r 2 0
The membrane stresses in any particular symmetrically
loaded shell in the form of surface of revolution determined
from the governing two equations above

Typical case of shell of revolution:

Spherical shell:
mean radius = 0 = 1 = 2

+
=
1
2
+ =

=
20

(1)
(2)

If shell subjected to internal gas pressure (P) like pallon

= 2
02
0
=
=
20 2
0 =

= 90

=
2

(3)

For spherical shell from equation (3)

=
2

=
=

2
Max stress at = 90

=
2
1 = 2 =
+ =
=


=
2
= =


= =

2
The expansion of the sphere by Hook's law
1

=
=

=
1
2

Cylindrical shell:
= 0
1 =

=
2

=
20

=
2
If shell subjected to internal gas pressure (P) like pallon

= 2

=
=
2
2

=
=

2
1 = , 2 = , =

+
=
1
2

=
2

=
=

Conical shell:
= ,

1 =

Usually measured from the vertiex along the generator (generatrix)
0 =

, 2 =

=

+
=
1
2
= 2 =
0

=
,
=

sin

0
0
=

=

0
=

0
=

= =
20
0 =

=
2
sin 2

= =