WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (WDM) SIDRA-28 MADIHA-07

Multiplexing

Multiplexing a process where multiple analog message signals or digital data streams are combined into one signal over a shared medium Types Time division multiplexing Frequency division multiplexing Code division multiplexing Optically Dense wavelength division multiplexing Wavelength division multiplexing

WDM Overview
Wavelength Division Multiplexer Wavelength Division Demultiplexer

A B C

l 1 l 2 l 3

Fibre
l 1 + l2 + l 3

l 1 l 2 l 3

Y
Z

Multiple channels of information carried over the same fibre, each using an individual wavelength Attractive multiplexing technique
High Very

aggregate bit rate without high modulation useful for upgrades to installed fibres using commercial components

Realisable

Loss, crosstalk and non-linear effects are potential problems

Transferring Information

Transferring Information, cont.

WDM Operation
Same general architecture as other FDM Number of sources generating laser beams at different frequencies Multiplexer consolidates sources for transmission over single fiber Optical amplifiers amplify all wavelengths Typically tens of km apart Demux separates channels at the destination Mostly 1550nm wavelength range Was 200MHz per channel Now 50GHz

Why WDM?

Capacity upgrade of existing fiber networks (without adding fibers) Transparency: Each optical channel can carry any transmission format (different asynchronous bit rates, analog or digital) Scalability Buy and install equipment for additional demand as needed Wavelength routing and switching: Wavelength is used as another dimension to time and space WDM technology allows multiple connections over one fiber thus reducing fiber plant requirement. WDM technology can also provide fiber redundancy. WDM provides a managed fiber service

Problems and Solutions

Problem: Demand for massive increases in capacity

Immediate Solution: Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Longer term Solution: Optical Fibre Networks

Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing

A B C l1 l2 l3
Wavelength Division Multiplexer

Fibre
l1 + l 2 + l3

Wavelength Division Demultiplexer

l1 l2 l3

X Y Z

Multiple channels of information carried over the same fibre, each using an individual wavelength
Dense WDM is WDM utilising closely spaced channels Channel spacing reduced to 1.6 nm and less

Cost effective way of increasing capacity without replacing fibre

Commercial systems available with capacities of 32 channels and upwards; > 80 Gb/s per fibre

 Greater fibre capacity

DWDM Advantages

Easier network expansion

No new fibre needed Just add a new wavelength

Incremental cost for a new channel is low

No need to replace many components such as optical amplifiers

DWDM Disadvantages
Not cost-effective for low channel numbers

Fixed cost of mux/demux, transponder, other system components Fiber losses and pulse dispersion affect path distance.

Conclusion

Current IP over ATM over SONET over WDM network is inefficient and redundant Future IP directly over WDM network
Advantages Less latency Automatic provisioning Higher bandwidth utilization Challenge of packet directly over WDM network Optical buffer

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Current Typical Protocol Stacks

IP ATM SONET WDM
Network Data link Network
IP SONET ATM

Data link Network Data link Physical WDM