ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN Air Passenger Terminals Design Guidelines

Arch. Annie Corpuz Pugeda, uap, M.A. Ed.

2 Basic Approaches to Terminal Planning (effect on building form/detail layout)

Aircraft against or as near to the building (connection by walking/mechanical airbridges) Disadvantage: scale dictated by size of aircraft

Aircraft remote from terminal (passenger transport vehicles)

Checklist on Basic Data Requirements

Sizing the terminal and related facilities
Aircraft movements (passenger aircraft only) Passenger movements Baggage Visitors Employees Landside transportation

Basic data on local conditions and constraints

Site conditions (topography/site conditions/climate) Master plan Airside constraints (height restrictions/siting restrictions/material restrictions/noise contours/existing fixed facilities Landside constraints (road & public transportation facilities/adjacent commercial, industrial, residential developments)

Checklist of Basic Planning Objectives

Land transport Passenger convenience & safety Security & its effect on flow planning Baggage handling Extensibility & adaptability Basic administrative requirements

Checklist of Basic Planning Concepts

Basic terminal types & configurations Centralized Decentralized Unit terminal Basic terminal flow patterns

Checklist of Detailed Design Requirements Passenger & Visitor Facilities (Landside)

Transport between terminal and centers of population Transport within airport environs Kerbside areas Concourse areas Check-in facilities

Checklist of Detailed Design Requirements Passenger Amenities & Processing Facilities (Airside) Departing passengers Arriving passengers Transit & transfer passengers VIP/CIP passengers Methods of passenger movement through the terminal Methods of connection to aircraft

Checklist of Detailed Design Requirements General Terminal Facilities

Baggage handling system Catering Security Administrative & general terminal support facilities Building services

Checklist of Detailed Design Requirements Aircraft & Apron Operations

Aircraft parking stand arrangements Aircraft servicing arrangements Aircraft fuelling operations Aircraft maintenance facilities Air traffic control (ATC) facilities Firefighting and rescue facilities

Design Problem
A private corporation has commissioned an architect to prepare the plans of an INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE AVIATION INDUSTRY (the complex title) of international standard. This will be the master plan for the aviation program for year 1996 in keeping up with the proposed full implementation of deregulation (open-skies) and privatization of the national flag carrier to serve million of tourists worldwide and the export drive of the government under new flying rights, expanded cabotage rights and competitive airfares; and shall be established in at least 6 major points of the nation. The site development plan (SDP) is desired to isolate the various structures and facilities which are, among others, the landing strips, taxiway turn paths, runway holding bay for modern aircraft; passenger terminal, cargo terminal, administration building, commercial aircraft facilities such as hangers, maintenance and service airport entrance road, perimeter/paved service road, operational activities, provided by government such as air traffic control, communications and weather forecasting, those provided by airport management such as 18 garage stalls, equipment buildings, for fire and crash rescue, aircraft sales, storage maintenance and flight training, the cargo and air mail building, pavement areas for passenger loading apron, service apron, storage, hangar for two aircrafts. There will be parking to serve the complex. Include personal accommodations such as lockers, locker rooms, multi-purpose room (for employees, lunch. etc.). Include a hotel complex for transit passengers away from this site.

Design Problem
The terminal, which must be designed based on a gate-lounge concept (consolidated) is the transfer point between land and air, and shall provide deplaning and enplaning spatial facilities such as valet parking for 60 cars (20 short-turn/40 long-turn); 150 cars, 20 buses, 20 baggage check-in counters, interline passengers, flight info, ticket counters for at least 10 airline companies, processing, immigration processing, gate lounges, baggage claim counters/conveyors system; tax-free gift shoppers malls; boarding device; public corridor, security, operations; snacks/coffee areas for passengers and non-passengers, senders and greeters areas; terminating passengers, public health, transfer to domestic, , rent-a-car, public transportation, private vehicles, etc. The movement of departing and arriving passengers , their immigration and customs processing, baggage claiming should be smooth and must not inter-mix. Escalators, moving sidewalks, elevators may be used. The curb frontage shall have space for 20 private cars, 30 taxis, 5 limos, 5 bus spaces, 4 parking through lanes, and 3 through lanes. The terminal should service 6 aircrafts from the four big airline companies,. The other airline companies will be served through the boarding device of any of those allotted to them which shall be flexible to serve smaller aircrafts.

Design Problem
The landing/take-off strip shall be according to the requirements of the Civil Aviation Administration, length shall be over 10,000 ft. Basis for design analysis is Boeing Med. 707-100B. Preliminary info are: seated passengers capacity 452; take-off runway length of 5,000 meters; runway length-flaps 30 of 3,000 meters or 9840 feet on a standard day with zero runway gradient and zero wind. For passenger/cargo combination seats with 6 pallets volume per load is 3980 cubic feet or 107 cu.m. passenger capacity 332. Other data are available at the figures shown. Design shall be in accord also with the National Building Code. Consider land area not a constraint in planning. The selected area is flat and bordered by sea on the westside. Indicate NORTH on the SDP. Meteorological data from PAGASA BASED ON 24-YEAR RECORD. Mean temperature 27.4 degrees; annual rainfall 1,423.5 mm; prevailing winds 2 meters per second northeasterly (NE).