BASIC

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AGENDA
Basic Definitions Warning Levels Design Considerations

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Definitions
Displacement Velocity Frequency Natural Frequency Resonance

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Definitions
Displacement
The total distance traveled by the vibrating part, from one extreme limit of travel to the other extreme limit of travel Displacement is usually expressed in mils peak - peak where 1 mil = 0.001 inch

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Definitions
Velocity
The speed of the vibration. Most often expressed as inches per second (in/sec) peak. The velocity is used to rate the severity of the vibration and can be used without a known frequency.

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Definitions
Frequency
The cycle of the vibration or The time the system takes to complete one full oscillation. Often expressed in cycles per minute (cpm) Helps to tell what is causing the vibration.

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Definitions
Natural Frequency
The frequency at which the component naturally wants to vibrate.

In general, all calculated mechanical natural frequencies should exceed 2.4 x Crankshaft speed.

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Definitions
Harmonic Orders of Vibration
Compressor Speed = > Frequency

900 RPM = Compressor Speed 1800 cpm = 2 x RPM 2700 cpm = 3 x RPM etc.

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Definitions
Resonance
The condition where a forcing frequency coincides with a natural frequency of a system or one of its major harmonic orders Mechanical Frequency = Natural Frequency (Compressor Speed) (Pipe N.F.)

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Warning Levels

Initial Data
Velocity - 1.0 in/s

If Velocity > 1.0 in/s

Displacement - 10 to 15 mils

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Positions and Directions

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Design Considerations
Outer-end Supports Piping Relief Valves

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Design Considerations
Outer-end Supports
Piping Relief Valves

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Support Suggestions
If

the piping system for a packaged compressor contains unusually large and heavy pulsation vessels, or a piping configuration that will induce high static and dynamic loading on the cylinders, the use of a cylinder support for any size cylinder and frame arrangement is recommended by some manufacturers.
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Outer-End Supports
Bolted to main member of skid. Not A-frame type. Proper Ribbing and Gussets Skid beam ribbed at support attachment Sole plates and shims

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Design Considerations
Outer-end Supports

Piping
Relief Valves

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Piping
Lack of Support
Improper Spacing
Pulled down to support Forced into place S in piping Solid grout under support Pulsation

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Pipe Size
1.5

Schedule

Max. Pipe Support Spacing

5-7 5-6 5-4 6-3 6-2 6 7-7 7-6 7-4 8-8 8-6 8-4 10-6 10-5 10-2 12-1 11-8 11-6 13-6 13-4 13 14-8 14-6 14-2 15-5 15-3 14-10 16-5 16-3 15-11

10

12

14

16

40 80 160 40 80 160 40 80 160 40 80 160 40 80 160 40 80 160 40 80 160 40 80 160 40 80 160 40 80 160

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Piping
Lack of Support
Improper Spacing

Pulled down to support

Forced into place S in piping Grout under support Pulsation

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Piping
Lack of Support
Improper Spacing Pulled down to support

Forced into place

S in piping Grout under support Pulsation

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Piping
Lack of Support
Improper Spacing Pulled down to support Forced into place

S in piping
Grout under support Pulsation

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Piping
Lack of Support
Improper Spacing Pulled down to support Forced into place S in piping

Grout under support

Pulsation

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Piping
Lack of Support Improper Spacing Pulled down to support Forced into place S in piping Grout under support

Pulsation

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Design Considerations
Outer-end Supports Piping

Relief Valves

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Relief Valves
Lack of Support on piping Vent Line

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SUPPORT

SUPPORT

SUPPORT
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Questions ?

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