Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Shift Registers
Capability to shift bits In one or both directions Why? Part of standard CPU instruction set Cheap multiplication Serial communications Just a chain of flip-flops
Applications
To produce time delay
The serial in -serial out shift register can be used as a time delay device. The amount of delay can be controlled by: - the number of stages in the register - the clock frequency
Applications
To convert serial data to parallel data
A computer or microprocessor-based system commonly requires incoming data to be in parallel format. But frequently, these systems must communicate with external devices that send or receive serial data. So, serial-toparallel conversion is required. As shown in the previous sections, a serial in - parallel out register can achieve this.
Symbol
Parallel Load
Can provide parallel outputs from flip-flops And also parallel inputs
Schematic
Schematic next
Schematic
Serial Transfer
Parallel transfer over as many wires as word (for example) Serial transfer over a single wire
Trade time for wires Takes n times longer
Example
Clocked 4 times
Serial Addition
Initially reset all registers Register A accumulates
Hardware Comparison
Serial vs. parallel adder One full adder vs. n adders Serial takes n units of time, parallel only one
Arbitrary Count
One more type of counter is useful Count an arbitrary sequence
Maybe you need a sequence of states
Shift Registers
N-bit register with the provision for shifting its stored data by a bit position each tick of the clock. Serial input specifies a new bit to shifted into the register. Serial output specifies the bits being shifted out of the register
References
http://www.eelab.usyd.edu.au/digital_tut orial/part2/hpage.html http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_4/in dex.html