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Hydrological Model
A model is a simplified representation of reality.
A mathematical model consists of series of equations defining the system
we are dealing with. The function of model is to convert the given input into an output.
A hydrological model is the mathematical representation of the response
of a catchment system to hydrologic events during the time period under consideration.
Hydrological phenomena are extremely complex, highly non-linear and
HEC-HMS
US Army Corps of Engineers, Hydrologic Engineering
component of the runoff process including: runoff volume; direct runoff (overland flow and interflow); baseflow; channel routing.
pervious surface, runoff from impervious surface, compute the direct runoff volume Direct Runoff models: transform direct runoff volume from excess precipitation into fast component of flow Base Flow models: compute slow subsurface drainage component Routing models: compute flow attenuation and translation over channel Reservoir models: flow regulation
Data Required
Digital Elevation Model (DEM), land use, soil types and other physiographic data Precipitation, temperature data Evaporation/evapotranspiration data Discharge, Water level and Rating curve data Channel and reservoir hydraulic data Generated sequence of meteorological data representing various scenarios of future climate
Upper Chao Phraya Basin, Thailand Catchment Area = 105553 sq. km.
Model Setup
Basin model
Meteorological model Time series data Pair data Control specification
Meteorologic model
Precipitation
Evapotranspiration Snowmelt : not applicable for upper Chao Phraya
Precipitation methods
Gauge weights : selected for upper Chao Phraya
Inverse distance Gridded precipitation Frequency storm SCS storm Specified Hyetograph Standard project storm
Evapotranspiration methods
Monthly Average : selected for upper Chao Phraya
Priestley-Taylor Gridded Priestley-Taylor
Snowmelt methods
Gridded temperature index
Temperature index
Control Specifications
Simulation start date/time
Simulation end date/time Time interval
Model Calibration
Finding optimal parameter values Minimizing difference between simulated flow
Search Algorithms
Nelder Mead Univariate Gradient
Conclusions
Semi-distributed physically based deterministic
hydrological models are powerful tools for assessing climate change impact on water resources. Continuous modeling approach could be taken to assess the impact on flow volume. Care should be taken to interpret the results as there are lots of uncertainties in the model inputs, parameters and structure of the model. Uncertainties associated with climate models will also be carried over.
Thank You !
Dr. Dilip K. Gautam, Senior Hydrologist, RIMES E-mail: dilip.gautam@rimes.int Website: www.rimes.int