Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Human Behavior in
Organizational settings
The individual-
Organization interface
The Organization
Environment
Simple Relationships Among Problems,
Methodology, And Knowledge
Body of Knowledge
Organization Organizational
Theoretical Theory Behavior
(OT) (OB)
Macro Micro
Foundations of Organizational
Behavior
Individual Social
Differences Systems
Whole Individual
Mutuality of
OB
Interests
Caused
behavior
Holistic
Human dignity Concept
Importance of Organizational
Behavior
• To provide a roadmap to the life of an individual in an
organization.
Which variables
How do they What is the cause- can be
Interrelate? effect influenced?
relationship?
Problem prevention
A Social Learning Approach To
Organizational Behavior
ORGANIZATIONAL
PARTICIPANTS
• Responding to Globalization
• Managing Workforce Diversity
– Major diversity categories
Gender (2/5 of nursing school students in
US are men)
Race
National origin
Age
Disability
Domestic partners
– Melting pot approach vs. values differences
Multigenerational Workforce
Baby
Veterans Xers Nexters
Boomers
X Generation
Not necessarily Job Baby Boomers
Secured with
1965-1979
secured Security 1946-1964
retirement plan
Challenges and Opportunities (2)
Organizational Behavior
OB: Emerging Implications
McKnight Principles at 3M (1948)
Delegate responsibility and encourage men and
women to exercise their initiative
Good people want to do their jobs their own way
Mistakes will be made. The mistakes he or she
makes are not as serious in the long run as the
mistakes management will make if it undertakes
to tell those in authority exactly how they must
do their jobs.
Management that is destructively critical when
mistakes are made kills initiative. And it's
essential that we have many people with initiative
if we are to continue to grow
HR Highlights
• Team structure
– Blue-collar work force are organized into self-
directed work teams (6-15 people)
• Training
– Minimum of 92 hours of training annually
– Teambuilding, quality measurement, job skills
• Empowered Teams
– Decisions on job design, selecting new team
members, providing replacement for absentees,
budget preparation
• Collective Decision Making (70% consensus)
– Decision-rings, business unit committees, Strategic
Action Council
Risk & Reward Pay System
• Base Pay/Benefits
– 12% lower than the average GM workers
–
• At-risk pay (12%)
5% meeting training requirement
– 5% meeting quality requirements
– 2% meeting team skills requirement
• Bonus/Reward (Quarterly review)
– Based on profitability
– $10,000 in 1995, 1996
– $2,100 in 1997
– $2,105 in 1998
Approaches to the study of OB
HR Productivity
Contingency
Approach Approach
Approach
(supportive approach)
OB
Systems Interactionalism
Approach Approach
Universal vs Contingency Approach
of OB
Organizational Universal approach The one best way of
Problems or Situations Responding
determine
Contingency approach
Systems Approach to Organizations
Exports to the
Imports from the
Environment
Environment
Organization
Inputs: Outputs:
Product & Order
Production Fulfilment
Human Products/Services
Material Profit/Losses
Financial Employee behavior
Information Product & Additional
Production Information
Information Money
Feedback
Interactionalist Approach to OB
Individual
Behaviour
Situation
A Conceptual Framework For The Study
Of Organizational Behavior
Environmental Context
2. Info. Tech & Globalization
3. Diversity & Ethics
Organizational Context
4. Design & Culture
5. Reward System Managing and
Dynamics
Leading for High
Performance
10. Communication
11. Decision
Social 15. Goals & Job
Making
Design
Cognitive Organizational 12. Stress &
16. Behavioral
Theory Behavior Conflict
Management
13. Power &
17. Leadership
Politics
Processes &
14. Groups &
Cognitive Processes Teams
Skills
6. Perception & Attribution 18. Great Leaders
7. Personality & Attitudes Really Do
8. Motivational Needs & Processes
9. Emotional Intelligence,
Optimism & Self-Efficacy
Basic OB Model, Stage I
The OB Model
• Personality
• Perceptions
• Learning Individual Behavior
• Attitudes & Attribution
• Motivation
• Group Dynamics
• Team Dynamics
• Leadership Organizational
Group Behavior
• Power & Politics Effectiveness
• Communication
• Conflict
• Organization Culture
• HR Policies/Practices
• Work Stress Organization
• Organization Change
• Organization
Development
OB Depends on…
• Dependent variables
• Independent variables
The Dependent Variables
x
The Dependent Variables
(cont’d)
The Dependent Variables
(cont’d)
The Dependent Variables
(cont’d)
The Dependent Variables
(cont’d)
There Are Few Absolutes in OB
x Contingency
Variables y
The Independent Variables
Independent
Variables
Conclusion:
• Wal-Mart is learning from its mistakes because
International customers are vital for its vision of global
growth
Characteristics of a Learning
Organization
• System Thinking: To be aware of the open linkages b/w
managerial actions & those around them, within &
outside the organization.
3. Nature of
ideas
Each person is responsible for
the organization.
Personnel understanding
thinking
The focus is on developing the way in which their
4. Conflict Resolution They are resolved through use They are resolved through
5. Leadership & The role of the leader is to The role of the leader is to