INTRODUCTION TO DWDM

FIBRE EXHAUST

2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s transmitter

2.5-Gbit/s 2.5 Gbit/s

2.5 Gbit/s reciever

LAY NEW FIBRE AND PUT NEW SYSTEMS

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FIBRE EXHAUST
2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s transmitter

2.5-Gbit/s 2.5 Gbit/s 2.5 Gbit/s reciever

10-Gbit/s transmitter

10-Gbit/s regenerator

10-Gbit/s reciever

INSTAL HIGHER BITRATE TDM EXPENSIVE, NEW FIBRE NEEDED

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FIBRE EXHAUST
10-Gbit/s transmitter 2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s transmitter 10-Gbit/s regenerator 10-Gbit/s reciever 2.5-Gbit/s 2.5Gbit/s 2.5 Gbit/s 2.5 Gbit/s reciever

2.5-Gbitt/s transmitter 2.5-Gbitt/s transmitter 2.5-Gbitt/s transmitter 2.5-Gbitt/s transmitter

1
2 3 4

M U X

D E M U X

2 3 4

2.5- Gbit/s reciever 2.5- Gbit/s reciever 2.5- Gbit/s reciever 2.5- Gbit/s reciever

DEPLOY DWDM
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DWDM History
Early WDM (late 80s) Two widely separated wavelengths (1310, 1550nm) Second generation WDM (early 90s) Two to eight channels in 1550 nm window 400+ GHz spacing

DWDM systems (mid 90s)

16 to 40 channels in 1550 nm window 100 to 200 GHz spacing Next generation DWDM systems 64 to 160 channels in 1550 nm window 50 and 25 GHz spacing
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Overview
In Future, the communication window 1280~1625nm

Now in use:

C-band1525~1565nm
In research :

L-band 1570~1620nm
S-band 1400nm
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ACHIEVING HIGHER BANDWIDTH

THREE POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

Install new fibre

Invest in new TDM Technologies to Achieve higher Bandwidth.

Expensive
Expensive Require new Type fibre

Deploy DWDM
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Economical
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JUST LIKE WIDENING OF ROAD USING AVAILABE LAND TO MEET INCREASED TRAFFIC
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DWDM BASICS

SINGLE FIBRE

SDH OPTICAL SIGNALS

NEW REQUIREMENTS:
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BLOCK SCHEMATIC
OPTICAL SIGNALS. STM-1 STM-4 STM-16 ATM IP

Tx

1 2
. . . .

MUX
W D M

DEMUX

Rx

OFA

16

W D M

TRANSPONDERS
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Wayside Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer

1 2 15

TM

TM

WDM MUX
O A

WDM DEMU X O
A

16

1-4

5-8

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Optical Add/Drop Multiplexing

Terminal Equipt In-Line Amplifier Terminal Equipt

fixed OADM: 2

1 2

2 2 1 1

2 1

Configurable OADM : 1 or 2

1 2
OADM : Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer

2 2

2 1
12

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DIFFERENCES FROM OLD SYSTEM

REGs FIBRES REQUIREMENT LASERS TYPES OF COMPONENTS CAPACITY FIBRE TRANSMISSION BEHAVIOUR

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ADVANTAGES OF DWDM

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Characteristics of a WDM Network Wavelength Characteristics

Transparency
Can carry multiple protocols on same fiber Monitoring can be aware of multiple protocols
Wavelength spacing 50GHz, 100GHz, 200GHz Defines how many and which wavelengths can be used

Wavelength capacity

Example: 1.25Gb/s, 2.5Gb/s, 10Gb/s

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Why Optical (DWDM) Networking?

Fibre Exhaust : Unlimited bandwidth on a fibre pair Bit Rate Transparency Format/Protocol Transparency : IP, ATM etc. Efficient use and rearrangement of embedded optical capacity as per demand. Minimal Capital Expenditure : Capacity Expansions Demand

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Economics of WDM
Saving of regeneration costs: one optical amplifier for many channels regeneration cost per channel drastically reduced Saving of fibres/fibre shortage Cost effective compared to laying new fibres Introduction of a new network layer: additional planning possibilities by passing of traffic on nodes reduces node costs
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OPTICAL NETWORK ELEMENTS

TP

OA

OADM

OXC

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ODEMUX
18

TP

OMUX

OPTIONAL REGENERATOR

O/E

Electrical REGENERATION

E/O

TRANSPONDER / TRANSLATOR / WAVELENGTH CONVERTOR

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Transponders
Converts broadband optical signals to a specific wavelength via optical to electrical to optical conversion (O-E-O) Used when Optical LTE (Line Termination Equipment) does not have tight tolerance ITU optics Performs 2R or 3R regeneration function Receive Transponders perform reverse function
1 2

OEO

From Optical OLTE

OEO

To DWDM Mux
n

OEO

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Low Cost IR/SR Optics

Wavelengths Converted

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Optical Amplifier
Advantages:
Design simplicity &high reliability. Fewer components and economical. Very low noise level. Ability to amplify multiple wavelength signals in the operating band. No interchannel interference .

Careful design can remove the dispersion problems also.

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Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA)

EDF Amplifier Charactertics
1. Highly Efficient

2. High gain
3. 4. Low Noise figure. Low Cost

Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier

Isolator Coupler Coupler Isolator

Erbium-Doped Fiber (1050m)

Pump Laser Pump Laser

Simple device consisting of four parts:

Erbium-doped fiber An optical pump A coupler An isolator to cut off backpropagating noise
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NMS FOR DWDM SYSTEMS

NMS IN CONVENTIONAL SDH SYSTEMS:
DCC: TIME SLOTS

DWDM NO TIME SLOTS

WAVELENGTH SLOTS ONE WAVELENGTH IS DEDICATED FOR N.M.S.
OPTICAL SUPERVISORY CHANNEL

OSC needs to be accessed at all points in the network

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Optical Supervisory Channel - OSC

OSC mainly carries orderwire and network management information. signals at 1510 nm or 1625 nm 2.048 Mb/s

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Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC)

Line Terminal Equipment
1 2 3 4

In-line Amplifier

Line Terminal Equipment

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Tx 1 Tx 2 Tx 3 Tx 4

Rx Rx Rx Rx Rx Rx Rx Rx

DATA IN

Tx 5
Tx 6 Tx 7 Tx 8

5
6 7 8 Tx sup

+ supervisory

Rx

Tx

Rx sup

System Control Processor

OSC

System Control Processor

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Network Management

Network Management

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OPTICAL BANDS
EXTENSIVE USE OF WAVELENGTHS
DIFFERENT VENDORS:INTEROPERABILITY ISSUES NEED FOR STANDARD WAVELENGTH VALUES

ITU Classification of bands Standard values : ITU Grid

Center frequency: 193.10THz (1552.52 nm) Standard spacings of 200, 100, 50 GHz for different applications

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ITU-T BAND ALLOCATION

Optical Supervisory channel

C BAND
BLUE BAND RED BAND
1560

L BAND

1500

1520

1530

1542 1547

1620

C BAND PRODUCTS ARE COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE. ERBIUM DOPED FIBRE AMPLIFIERS SUITABLE FOR
C BAND. GAIN IN RED BAND FLATTEST FOR EDFA. SOME MANUFACTURERS PROVIDE 16 CHANNELS IN RED BAND ONLY. OTHERS USE BOTH RED & BLUE BANDS.
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ITU T G.692 Frequency Grid

Nominal Central (THz) 196.1 196.0 195.9 195.8 195.7 195.6 195.5 Central (nm) Nominal Central (THz) 194.7 194.6 194.5 194.4 194.3 194.2 194.1 Central (nm) Nominal Central (THz) 193.3 193.2 193.1 193.0 192.9 192.8 192.7 Central (nm)

1528.77 1529.55 1530.33 1531.12 1531.90 1532.68 1533.47

1539.77 1540.56 1541.35 1542.14 1542.92 1543.73 1544.53

1550.92 1551.72 1552.52 1553.33 1554.13 1554.94 1555.75

195.4
195.3 195.2 195.1

1534.25
1535.04 1535.82 1536.61

194.0
193.9 193.8 193.7

1545.32
1546.12 1546.92 1547.72

192.6
192.5 192.4 192.3

1556.55
1557.36 1558.17 1558.98

195.0
194.9 194.8 9/19/2013

1537.40
1538.19 1539.77

193.6
193.5 193.4

1548.51
1549.32 1550.12

192.2
192.1

1559.79
1560.61
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LIMITATIONS
THE MAXIMUM DISTANCE IS 640 km, MADE OF 8 SPANS OF 80km
The assumptions are: * Fibre attenuation, including splice loss is 0.28 db/km * Span loss of 22 db. (0.28 *80km =22.40 ) * Total dispersion is less than 12800 ps/nm. * For G.652 fiber/ cable is DISPERSION 17/20 ps/nm-km * For 640 Km dispersion= 12800ps/nm

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New Applications with DWDM

Metropolitan Area Network
Unlimited Bandwidth, bit rate and format transparency Efficient Bandwidth use and Management

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New Applications with DWDM

Wavelength Leasing
Network Customers are beginning to demand high capacity Network Transport that affords high reliability and security, as well as segmentations from the providers Network A spare Wavelength (Leased ) is used to provide clear-channel transport to a customer The Customers Bandwidth requirements are cleanly separated from the providers core Network Needs.
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Thank You
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