POWER SCENARIO

IN
INDIA

RAHUL VIKRAM
rahul.vikram@gmail.com
MBA “POWER MANAGEMENT”
NATIONAL POWER TRAINING INSTITUTE
FARIDABAD.
(MINISTRY OF POWER)
 “POWER”

POWER or ELECTRICITY critical infrastructural component

for multidimensional growth and basic human need

Reliable and quality power at competitive rates to Indian industry

- important for global competition.

 Clean and Green Sustainable Power – need of the day.

 Energy Security
 PRESENT POWER SCENARIO
(ACCORDING TO 11th PLAN)(as on MAY, 2009)

TOTAL INSTALL 147402.81 MW

CAPACITY
THERMAL POWER 93392 MW
CAPACITY
HYDRO POWER CAPACITY 36647.76 MW

NUCLEAR POWER 4120 MW

CAPACITY
RENEWABLE POWER 13242.41 MW
CAPACITY
PER CAPITA 740 kwh
CONSUMPTION
 DEMAND PROJECTION (UPTO:-
2012)
TOTAL INSTALL 2,24,907 MW
CAPACITY
(CAPACITY ADDITION ) MW

THERMAL POWER 54693 MW

CAPACITY
HYDRO POWER CAPACITY 15267 MW

NUCLEAR POWER 3380 MW

CAPACITY
PER CAPITA 1000 kwh
CONSUMPTION
 PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF
ELECTRICITY IN INDIA
Growth Pattern

As per UN Methodology (Gross Electrical Energy Availability / Population)

Source: CEA
CAPACITY ADDITION PLANNING
FOR 11 AND 12 PLAN
TH TH
10TH PLAN –TARGET AND ACTUAL CAPACITY
ADDITION
(MW)

 Original Target 41,110

 Capacity Slipped / Dropped 21,281

 Net Capacity Addition from Original Target 19,829

 Additional Projects identified during the Plan 8,320

 Capacity Slipping from additional projects 6,969

 Net Capacity Addition from additional Projects 1,351

Net Capacity added during 10TH Plan 21,180*

* Thermal -12,114 MW, Hydro – 7,886 MW, Nuclear – 1180 MW

 MAJOR REASONS FOR SLIPPAGES FROM 10th PLAN (MW)
S
. Original Plan Additional
N Projects-
o Major Reasons for Slippage Thermal Nuclear Hydro Thermal
Delay in supplies/erection by suppliers/
1 2670 220 679 3350
contractors
Delay in tie-up super critical
2
technology by BHEL (one unit at Sipat
3960      
and one at Kahalgaon were replaced by
500 MW units)
3 Non-availability of Gas 1713     1450
Delay in award of works mainly in state
4 1423   222 835
sector/NLC
Projects not taken up/Escrow cover
5 not given/financial closure not 5278     23
achieved/funds not tied up
Delay in clearance/investment decision
6     2391  
(Hydro projects)
Hydro Project - delay in environmental
clearance, geological surprises,
7     3155  
natural calamities, R&R issues, delay in
signing of MoU, Court Cases
8 Law & Order Problems 500   60  
Nuclear projects included on best
9 effort basis(otherwise scheduled for XI       1220
plan)
10 Adjustment due to change of size - 990     91
  Total 14554 220 6507 6969*

Total slippage: 21,281MW

* Out of a total additional capacity of 8320 MW identified during Mid –Term Review
Major Steps of Integrated approach
 Capacity Addition from Conventional fuel based
plants complemented by Renewable Energy based
plants to extent possible.

 National Electricity Plan based on Conventional

Energy Sources with priority to Hydro and Nuclear
plants

 Strategies/ Initiatives being taken/ required to be

taken for low carbon growth i.e. Introduction of
Clean Coal Technologies (Supercritical
Technology, Ultra supercritical technology, IGCC),

 Other measures to reduce pollution i.e. Reduction

in T&D losses, R&M of Old thermal power projects,
Retirement of old and small size generating units,
Coal quality improvement
POWER GENERATION-STRATEGY
•Large emphasis on hydro
development. Constraints restricting
progress are large gestation period, high
capital cost, Issues such as R&R, law &
order etc. New Hydro Policy to encourage
private participation in hydro power
generation.
•Limited dependability on gas based
capacity - Availability of gas at
reasonable rates being a constraint for gas
based projects. During 11th Plan only about
6,843 MW gas based capacity envisaged.
•Active steps to harness Nuclear
POWER GENERATION-STRATEGY

•Renewable energy sources to be made

economically viable- At present can play dominant
role in meeting remote located demands where not
economic to extend the grid.
•Coal based power projects expected to be main
stay of Indian Power Sector for next 50-70 years.
Continuous efforts directed at generating maximum
energy from each tone of coal with minimum effect
on environment
Development of Hydro Power projects

Plan Period Hydro Capacity Total Hydro Capacity

Addition (MW) at the end of plan
(MW)
11th Plan (2007-08 to 15627 50280
2011 - 12)

12th Plan (2012-13 to 30000 80280

2016-17)

13th Plan (2017 - 18 31000 111280

to 2021-22)

14th Plan (2022-23 to 36494 147774

2026 - 27)
 CAPACITY ADDITION
TARGETTED FOR 11th PLAN
(SECTORWISE)
15,043 MW
(19%)
PVT SECTOR

STATE SECTOR CENTRAL SECTOR

36,874 MW
26,783 MW
47%
(34%) Total 78,700 MW
 FEASIBLE CAPACITY ADDITION FOR
11th PLAN – 77,070* MW

NUCLEAR, HYDRO,
3,380MW, 4.3% 15,507MW,
20.2%

THERMAL,
58,183MW,
75.5%

Thermal – 58,183 MW
( Coal – 48,609 MW, Gas- 7,293 MW, Lignite- 2,280 MW)
Additional capacity expected : New Renewables – 14,000 MW
: Captive – 12,000 MW
* Feasible capacity as per latest assessment
 11TH PLAN TARGET AND STATUS
 10th Plan capacity addition only 21,180 MW. About
11,000 MW slippages due to causes attributable to
equipment suppliers and contractors.

 11th Plan – 77,070 MW

 - 11,404 MW capacity already commissioned (Till
date)
 - 65,666 MW (83%) under construction
- 85% hydro capacity under construction
- Coal Linkage available for 96% of projects

 - All gas based projects under execution or gas tied

up from local sources

 Additional 3,720 MW thermal projects under best effort

category.

 Additional 13,000 MW gas based projects if gas available

at reasonable price
 MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO
BE ADDRESSED
Fuel Availability
Requirement of coal for 11th Plan – 550 MT; 40 MT equivalent of
68 MT of Indian coal to be imported
 Requirement of gas (90% PLF) – 89 MMSCMD; Availability at
present- 36 MMSCMD; gas not sufficient
•Transportation for fuel and equipment
Establishment of new rail links for coal evacuation from coal
mining blocks
 Railways, Coal , MoP to formulate Fuel Supply Transport
Agreement
 MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO
BE ADDRESSED
• Delays in clearances
• Testing facilities to be increased and CPRI to play a
proactive role
•R&D
Power Utilities as well as manufacturing units to enhance budget
allocation for R&D
 To attract young talent
 11th Plan tentative targets for grid
interactive renewable power
(Figures in MW)

Sources / Systems Target for 11th

plan
Wind Power 10,500
Biomass Power Baggasse Co- 2,100
generation
Biomass Gasifiers
Small Hydro (up to 25 MW) 1400
Total 14,000
Targets for 12th Plan likely to be at least 14,000 MW
12th Plan Tentative Capacity Addition
Demand as per 17th EPS – Energy Requirement –
13,92,066 BU; Peak Demand- 2,18,209 MW
Spinning Reserve – 5% as per National Electricity Policy.
Capacity corresponding to 3000 MW and 1600 MW also
worked out
25,000 MW Hydro and 8,500 MW Nuclear as must run
stations.
As result of studies 12th Plan total Generating capacity
94,431 which includes 61,171 MW thermal.(28,190 MW PH,
15,495 MW LC, 14,800 MW Coastal)
 Capacity with 1600 MW S.R.- 81,570 MW; 3000MW S.R.
– 82,970 MW
Fuel consumption(2016-17) – Coal 815 MT, Lignite 60
MT
All India Studies for 5% S.R: LOLP – 0.18%; ENS – 0.00%
(Norms – LOLP-1% & ENS- 0.15%)
 13th Plan Tentative Capacity
ASSUMPTIONS
Expansion
• 17th EPS Demand – Energy Requirement-
19,14,508 MU; Peak Demand- 2,98,253
MW
• Spinning Reserve - 5% .
• Beginning of 13th Plan 37,014 MW Coal &
Lignite based capacity more than 27 yrs
old. (5,634 MW capacity upto 100 MW unit size and 31,380 MW
capacity greater than 100 MW unit size)

• Studies indicate 13th Plan capacity

addition-1,05,060 MW (Hydro-34,500 MW,
Nuclear -8,000 MW, Thermal -62,560 MW
 MAJOR PROBLEMS OF POWER
SECTOR
• Inadequate power generation
capacity
• Lack of optimum utilization of the
existing generation capacity
• Inadequate inter-regional
transmission links
• Inadequate and ageing sub-
transmission & distribution network
Cont..
 MAJOR PROBLEMS OF POWER
SECTOR

• High T&D losses, large scale theft and

skewed tariff structure
• Slow pace of rural electrification
• Inefficient use of electricity by end
consumer
• Lack of grid discipline
THANK YOU.